Dominance Signals
De-escalation Signals
Fighting Ability Signals
Aggressive Motivation Signals
Miscellaneous
100
What's the definition of Dominance Signals?
Signals of fighting ability and motivation with an added component reflecting prior experience
100
What is the definition of de-escalation signals?
Signals meant to decrease the intensity of a situation
100
What is the definition of fighting ability signals?
Provide reliable information about body size and weight, strength, phycological conditions, and stamina
100
What is the definition of aggressive motivation signals?
Physiological state, quality of resource, ability/motivation of opponent
100
Little blue penguin vocalizations include what?
Bark, yell, growl, and bray
200
What are the three dominance signals
1.) Status Indicators
2.) Territory Ownership
3.) Victory Signals
200
According to the winner-loser effect, the male with higher fitness and more wins may de-escalate the situation why?
Physical exhaustion or injury
200
What are the three fighting ability signals?
1.) Body size indicators
2.)Stamina indicators
3.)Weapons
200
What are the three aggressive motivation signals?
1.) Challenge signals
2.) Display rate
3.)Offensive threat signals
200
What's the process of conflict resolution?
1.) Assessment
2.)Signaling
3.)Escalation?
4.)Decision making
300
What signal does dear enemy hypothesis fall under?
Territory ownership
300
Little blue penguin de-escalation signals include what?
Face away, indirect look if early in contest, opponents are not close
Low walk, submissive hunch if opponents are close or already engaged in fight
300
What type of animals use body size indicators the most?
Mammals
300
What is the cost for offensive threat signals?
Proximity costs
300
Agonistic signal repertoires include what?
Aggressive threat signal(s) and submissive or de-escalation signals
400
Explain what a victory signal is?
I won, you lost so don't try me again
400
What are four reasons de-escalation signals have evolved?
1. The value of the contested resource is not too high relative to cost of injury
2. Extra benefit of winning by dominating loser in the future is small
3. The losing animal has poor options for safely leaving
4. The estimation of the difference in resource holding potential (RHP) between combatants isn’t perfect
400
What honesty guarantee correlates with body size indicators?
Index or assessment signals
400
Explain what a challenge signal is with an example?
At a distance at the beginning of encounter
400
Stamina indicators are influenced by what?
Condition, fat stores, metabolic rates, parasite load, and immune system strength
500
Vulnerability handicap signal
500
Which one of these dogs is showing a de-escalation signal?
The dog in a play bow is showing a de-escalation signal
500
:focal(-249x-171:-248x-170)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/cb/8e/cb8e2c03-9cd0-4c7f-8bdd-634cc2a02ea3/81021_orig.jpg)
What signal is this animal displaying?
Weapons
500
To demonstrate a display rate, sing twinkle twinkle little star as aggressively as you can
500
Provide an example of a status signal in the animal kingdom
Answers may vary
One example: Rhino males with the largest horns are viewed as more fit, are less likely to be challenged, and more likely to find mates