A
When newly learned information disrupts or interferes with the recall of older information
Retroactive interference
Mood-stabilizing medication primarily used to treat bipolar disorder by reducing the intensity of manic episodes and preventing depression relapses
Lithium
Drug or chemical that binds to a neurotransmitter receptor and inhibits or blocks its function, resulting in decreased neurotransmission
Antagonist
Non-associative learning where an organism decreases its response to a repeated, benign stimulus over time.
(Example: Stop noticing the clock ticking after a few minutes)
Habituation
Subjects have an equal chance of being placed into either the experimental or control group.
Random Assignment
Conscious, intentional recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts
Explicit memory
Meaning of words and how they enable us to communicate.
Semantic (language)
Decrease in responsiveness to an aversive or feared stimulus following repeated exposure
Desensitization
Scientific investigation designed to solve practical, real-world problems rather than just expanding theoretical knowledge
Applied Research
Compliance strategy where a small, initial request is followed by a larger, target request.
Foot in the door
Chemical messengers that cross synaptic gaps to transmit signals between neurons, affecting mood, memory, and muscle movement.
Neurotransmitters
Analyze the adult mind by breaking consciousness down into basic elements—sensations, feelings, and images; to identify the "structure" of the human mind, similar to how chemistry breaks down elements.
Structuralism
Belief about someone or something causes people to act in ways that confirm that belief.
Self fulfilling prophecy
Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute positive events to one's own character but attribute negative events to external factors
Self-serving bias
Numerical methods used to organize, summarize, and visualize data collected during research, including measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and variability (range, standard deviation).
Descriptive statistics
methods used to determine if study results can be generalized to a larger population, going beyond just describing the sample (P-value, sample size, population)
Inferential statistics
Behavioral therapy technique used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders by pairing relaxation exercises with gradual exposure to a feared stimulus
Systematic desensitization
Data-driven approach to perception that starts with raw sensory data from the environment and moves to higher-level analysis in the brain.
Bottom up processing
society that prioritizes personal goals, autonomy, independence, and self-expression over group harmony
Individualistic culture
Type of memory loss -- inability to form new long-term explicit memories after a brain injury, while past memories remain intact
Anterograde Amnesia
Modifying existing schemas (mental frameworks) or creating new ones to incorporate new information that doesn't fit into current knowledge
Accommodation
The research tool (test, survey, or experiment) truly measures what it claims to measure.
Construct validity
Mental shortcut where people judge the probability of an event or person based on how well they match a stereotype or prototype.
Representativeness heuristic
Minimum amount of change required for you to tell that 2 stimuli are different.
Difference threshold (Just noticeable difference)
Specialized nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system that convert external stimuli (light, sound, touch) into electrical impulses
Sensory neurons (Afferent)
SA ME (Motor neurons - Efferent)