Cleft Lip/ Palate
What is a cleft lip or palate?
when the lip or palate fail to fuse together
What is choanal atresia, what symptoms are associated with it, and what is the treatment for it?
- narrowing/ blockage of the rear opening of nasal cavity
- Charge, Tessier, Treacher Collins syndrome
- airway management and surgical intervention
What are neural tube defects?
birth defects of the brain, spine, or spinal cord that happens to fetus in the first month of pregnancy
What is spina bifida?
when the spinal cord and nerves are exposed through an opening in the back
What is the patho of hydrocephalus?
- the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
- the enlarged ventricles fill up and put pressure on brain tissue
A baby was born with a cleft lip. What may have caused this?
genetics, smoking/alcohol, folic acid deficiency, meds (antiseizure)
Bilateral Choanal Atresia
genetics, nutritional folic acid deficiency, environmental
How is spina bifida diagnosed and was is the etiology?
- it is diagnosed in utero through increased alfa fetoprotein levels, ultrasound, and amniocentesis
- the causes are genetics, environmental, damage to spinal cord
How is hydrocephalus diagnosed?
- Ultrasound
- MRI
- CT
What are the treatment options for a baby with a cleft lip or palate?
surgical repair
feeding support
speech/ language therapy
A child was diagnosed with unilateral choanal atresia, which is the most common and less severe form. What signs and symptoms may this child have?
What is anencephaly? What is the treatment?
- when neural tube fails to close during embryonic development
- there is no treatment and most pregnancies ends in miscarriages
What are the treatment options for spina bifida?
surgical intervention (shunt), the defect must remain moist with sterile dressing and baby must be prone or laying on side
What clinical manifestations would a nurse expect to observe in a patient with hydrocephalus?
enlarged head
poor head control
irritability
eye movement and pupil dysfunction
Which choanal atresia is a life threatening medical emergency?
Bilateral Choanal Atresia
What are the long term implications of spina bifida?
paralysis
incontinence
spinal deformities
hydrocephalus
sexual dysfunction
A newborn is diagnosed with hydrocephalus. What are the potential treatment options, and how should the nurse prepare for and support these interventions? What are the complications?
shunt and endoscopic 3rd ventriculostomy
complications are infection, shunt malfunction and failure
As the nurse for the baby with spina bifida, what nursing management would you do?
LATEX PRECAUTIONS
pre/post operative care
infection control
hydrocephalus monitoring
A pediatric patient is diagnosed with hydrocephalus. What are the potential long-term impacts of this condition, and how should the nurse prioritize the ongoing management and care for this patient?
- learning, speech, vision, memory problems
- short attention span
- epilepsy
- bowel/ bladder incontinence
NURSING MANAGEMENT
- monitor head circumference
- neuro checks every 2 hrs
- reduce stimuli