Pharmacology
What class of drugs is commonly used to remove excess fluids in CHF patients
What is diuretics
Pts with CHF may experience this symptom, causes them to feel tired or weak.
what is Fatigue
Name the visible symptom associated with right sided heart failure due to fluid retention
what is jugular vein distention
What diet would you commonly see for a patient with CHF?
What is heart healthy and fluid restriction. This is important for the patient to adhere to this diet to help manage fluid retention
This term refers to the hearts inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body's needs
Congestive Heart Failure
ACE inhibitor (-pril)
Name the condition where fluid builds up in the lungs, often seen in CHF patients
What is Pulmonary Edema
left sided heart failure primarily causes blood to back up in this organ
lungs
What indicators would prompt a PCP appointment for a patient with CHF
what is weight gain of more than 2-3 pounds in a day, or sudden swelling in legs/feet, or mental status change.
How do you calculate cardiac output
Stroke volume x heart rate
this drug increases the force of hearts contraction and is used for CHF management
Digoxin
Bonus 100 pts: what vital sign do you have to check before administering?
what is the term for swelling in legs and feet?
what is peripheral edema
when the left ventricle cannot pump effectively, this type of cardiac output is reduced
what is ejection fraction
what intervention would you implement for a patient with CHF who is having dyspnea, first
what is High fowlers, or elevate head of bed
Name four risk factors of CHF
Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, diabetes, COPD, obesity, CKD, smoking, drugs and alcohol, cardiomyopathy
This is a beta blocker prescribed to reduce heart rate and improve the function of the heart
metoprolol
This is a hallmark symptom of CHF that is characterized by SOB when laying down
What is orthopnea
Explain the difference between right sided heart failure and left sided heart failure
what is left sided occurs first because it has to do with the lungs and left side. It is the last stop before it goes to the rest of the body. Left ventricle pushes it to the rest of the body, so if that is not performing it becomes backed up from here first.
What is right sided comes after left sided because of the structure and blood flow of the heart.
what intervention would you promote for a patient with CHF who has peripheral edema
what is elevating extremities to promote venous return
Name the four diagnostic tests to help diagnose CHF patients
Stress test, chest xray, echocardiogram and pulmonary function test
This drug reduces sodium absorption in the kidneys, and helps manage CHF symptoms
Spirolactolone
Late symptom of CHF, characterized by frothy pink tinged sputum
What is hemoptysis
Explain how the blood flows through the heart chambers
what is "comes from the body as deoxygenated blood through the superior/inferior vena cava into the right atrium (first chamber) then it travels through triscuspid valve to right ventricle (second chamber) then it uses pulmonary valve, travels through pulmonary artery to the lungs to become oxygenated. Where the blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Then it goes from lungs to pulmonary veins to return to the left atrium of the heart (third chamber.) From there it travels through the mitral valve into the left ventricle which then ascends through the aortic valve into the aorta which distributes the oxygen rich blood to the rest of the body.
What labs would you need to see an indication for CHF
BMP or ProBMP because of the hormone that is released into the blood when the heart is stretched or stressed. Higher levels will indicate worsening heart failure. You also want to check electrolytes, especially if the patient is on diuretics due to potassium loss.
Demonstrate the dance Julia does when referring to this
what is please demonstrate Julias sodium potassium pump dance