In a principal-agent relationship, this idea is when the principal can hire and/or fire an agent.
What is agency representation?
100
This good is worth its weight in gold to lawmakers; in fact, they organize Congress to maximize this.
What is information?
100
This is a type of provision that allows numerous amendments and proposals to be made on a bill throughout the lawmaking process.
What is an open rule?
100
Mayhew makes this single assumption about lawmakers.
What is the desire to be reelected?
100
Alongside Mayhew, Arnold props up legislators as being incapable of controlling party image so they take care of their own image; he largely rejects this “rule” of parties.
What is the party performance rule?
200
Due to their relative size, this legislative chamber is comprised of less specialized lawmakers with less degree of polarization.
What is the U.S. Senate?
200
The Speaker of the House, Majority Leader, Minority Leader, and party whips are all examples of this.
What is party leadership?
200
In this legislative chamber, the majority party has an incredible amount of control over debate.
What is the House of Representatives?
200
As opposed to seeing whether or not lawmakers win or lose office, Mayhew is interested in this.
What is the electoral connection?
200
More nuanced than Mayhew, representatives are expected to respond to whom?
What are attentive and potentially attentive publics?
300
Representatives are accountable to this group of individuals when it comes to elections.
What is a constituency?
300
When party members share similar policies goals and a distinctive—that is, there is a high level of party cohesion and high level of party polarization—then John Aldrich and David Rohde assert that this has occurred.
What is conditional party government?
300
A super-majority vote of cloture must be made to stop endless debate, also known as this.
What is a filibuster?
300
This institution, central to Aldrich’s work, has no logical connection in Mayhew’s model.
What is the political party?
300
Arnold argues that relying on these would result in little evidence of constituency influence because it is too late in the lawmaking process.
What are floor votes?
400
Earmarks
What is pork-barrel legislation?
400
This system is the division of labor of Congress—it provides a way to maximize information.
What is the committee system?
400
After a bill goes through both chambers, any differences must be reconciled in this.
What is a conference committee?
400
According to Mayhew, this is “just another election to be survived.”
What is the primary?
400
These individuals are a constant threat to lawmakers and provide a wealth of knowledge to legislators.
Who are challengers?
500
With this on the rise, there is substantial question of whether or not there are qualified challengers.
What is incumbency?
500
Sometimes the structure of Congress or conditional party government forces a lawmaker to take an action that is contrary to the desires of his or her constituency.
What is agency loss?
500
An unorthodox approach to lawmaking is passing a simple bill and then adding numerous policies during the conference committee thus creating this.
What is an omnibus bill?
500
Alongside credit claiming and advertising, Mayhew expect legislators to make this actions central to a lawmaker’s behavior.
What is position taking?
500
As opposed to making law, Arnold expects lawmakers to know when to do this; it is a negative agenda power.