Hand & Wrist
Which muscle is the main flexor of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints?
a) flexor digitorum superficialis
b) flexor carpi ulnaris
c) flexor digitorum profundus
d) extensor digitorum
c) flexor digitorum profundus
FDP inserts on the distal phalanges and flexes the DIP joints
Which muscle initiates shoulder abduction from 0-15 degrees?
a) deltoid
b) supraspinatus
c) subscapularis
d) teres major
b) supraspinatus
Supraspinatus initiates the first 15 degrees of abduction; deltoid takes over afterward
Which muscle does not participate in retracting the scapula?
a) trapezius
b) latissimus dorsi
c) rhomboid minor
d) rhomboid major
b) latissimus dorsi
it does extension, adduction, internal rotation of humerus. teres major does this too
Which deep hip stabilizer only participates in external rotation, not hip abduction?
a) piriformis
b) obturator internus
c) superior gemellus
d) inferior gemellus
e) quadratus femoris
e) quadratus femoris
all others externally rotate and hip abduct
What muscle unlocks the knee joint by laterally rotating the femur?
a) vastus medialis
b) sertorius
c) popliteus
d) grastrocnemius
c) popliteus
it unlocks the extended knee by laterally rotating the femur on the tibia
Which muscle is the primary plantar flexor of the foot during standing?
a) soleus
b) tibialis anterior
c) peroneus brevis
d) extensor digitorum longus
a) soleus
the soleus is a postural muscle active during standing; it plantar flexes the foot
the big three plantar flexors are gracilis, soleus and gastrocneumius
Which eye muscle is innervated by CN VI (abducens) responsible for abduction (looking outward)
a) superior rectus
b) interior rectus
c) lateral rectus
d) medial rectus
c) lateral rectus
When it comes to thenar muscles, "ape hand" occurs to atrophy to the thenar muscles and loss of thumb opposition. Which nerve is damaged?
a) median nerve
b) ulnar nerve
a) median nerve (C5-T1)
Opponens Pollicis is the deepest thenar muscle
median nerve is compressed in carpal tunnel
Which two of the rotator cuff muscles initiate external rotation?
a) supraspinatus and subscapularis
b) supraspinatus and teres minor
c) teres minor and infraspinatus
c) teres minor and infraspinatus
assoc. with axillary nerve and suprascapular nerve)
Which muscle(s) are innervated by C5 Dorsal Scapular Nerve?
a) trapezius
b) c&d
c) rhomboid minor
d) rhomboid major
b) c&d
both are responsible for scapular retraction, downward rotation and shoulder stability
Which lateral thigh muscles (gluteal) insert in the IT band?
a) gluteus maximus and medius
b) gluteus medius and minimus
c) gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata
c) gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata
they don't have similar actions though!
What ligament prevents excessive valgus stress at the knee?
a) LCL
b) MCL
c) ACL
d) patellar ligament
b) MCL
resists medial (valgus) stress and is commonly injured in lateral blows to the knee
What nerve innervates the anterior compartment (dorsiflexors and toe extensors)?
a) deep peroneal nerve
b) superficial peroneal nerve
a) deep peroneal nerve
Which muscle is innervated by CN IV and it abducts, depresses and medially rotates
a) superior oblique
b) inferior oblique
c) lateral rectus
d) medial rectus
a) superior oblique
Internal muscles of the hand include the lumbricals, which originate at the 4 tendons of Flexor Digitorum Profundus. It is important for fine-tune finger movement. It extends ____ and flexes _____
a) IPs; MCPs
b) MCPs; IPs
a) IPs; MCPs
Upper limb extensors are innervated by the radial nerve. What is unique about the brachioradialis muscle when it comes to extension and flexion?
It is a flexor, not extender
Which two upper back/shoulder muscles insert in the bicipital groove?
a) rhomboid minor & major
b) latissimus dorsi & teres major
c) trapezius & teres major
b) latissimus dorsi & teres major
Both do extension, adduction and internal rotation
Which two lateral thigh muscles are NOT innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?
a) gluteus maximus and medius
b) sartorius and tensor fascia lata
c) sartorius and gluteus maximus
c) sartorius and gluteus maximus
sartorius = femoral nerve
gluteus maximus = interior gluteal nerve
Pes anserius is the convergence of 3 muscles at the medial knee for stability. It provides medial knee stability and assists in knee flexion and rotation. Which muscle is not part of this trio?
a) Sartorius
b) Gracilis
c) Semitendinosus
d) Semimembranosus
d) Semimembranosus
Repetitive ankle sprains are an _______ injury causing damage to the peroneus longus/brevis
a) inversion
b) eversion
a) inversion
peroneus longus & brevus are responsible for ankle eversion though
Which peripheral nerve branch is not part of the brachial plexus?
a) musculocutaneous
b) axillary
c) median
d) radial
e) ulnar
f) humeral
f) humeral
Which nerve innervates the majority of the hand?
Ulnar nerve
Radial is wrist/fingers extensors
Median is thenar eminence and lateral lumbricals
In tennis elbow, there is pain in the lateral elbow. It is caused by overuse of extensor muscles, primarily __________
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
What is the only upper back muscle that inserts at the acromion/clavicle?
a) trapezius
b) rhomboid minor
c) teres major
a) trapezius
inserts spine of scapula, acromion, lateral 1/3 clavicle
Which lateral thigh muscle does NOT participate in hip flexion?
a) gluteus medius
b) gluteus maximus
c) gluteus minimus
d) tensor fascia lata
e) sartorius
b) gluteus maximus
hip extension, external rotation, knee extension via IT band
Which anterior thigh muscle provides both hip flexion and knee extension?
a) rectus femoris
b) vastus medialis
c) vastus intermedius
d) vastus lateralis
a) rectus femoris
In the case of achilles tendon rupture, a positive Thompson Test invovles squeezing the calf and no ____ flexion occuring
a) knee
b) plantar
b) plantar
What nerve roots are involved in the brachial plexus?
a) C4-C8
b) C5-T1
c) C6-T2
b) C5-T1
go into superior, middle, inferior trunks; anterior and psoterior divisions; lateral, posterior and medial cords
Which muscle, inserting at the bast of the 2nd metacarpal, both extends the wrist and does radial deviation?
a) extensor carpi radialis longus
b) extensor carpi radialis brevis
c) extensor digitorum
d) extensor carpi ulnaris
a) extensor carpi radialis longus
the other ones also extend the wrist.
The pronator quadratus muscle originates in the distal 1/3 of the ulna and is the primary pronator in full pronation. Which muscle is it assisted by?
a) brachioradialis
b) extensor carpi radialis brevis
c) pronator teres
c) pronator teres
this muscle can cause pronator teres syndrome - entrapment of median nerve
Which upper back muscle is the only one that's responsible for elevation?
a) trapezius
b) latissimus dorsi
c) rhomboid minor
a) trapezius
also retraction and depression of scapula
Key takeaway from thigh muscles: which group only participates in hip adduction through obturator nerve?
a) anterior thigh
b) medial thigh
c) posterior thigh
d) lateral thigh
b) medial thigh
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus (adductor part)
- gracilis
pectineus and adductor magnus hamstring are also medial thigh but different nerves (femoral and sciatic)
Where do all of the anterior thigh muscles insert?
a) tibial tuberosity
b) ischial tuberosity
a) tibial tuberosity
patellar ligament --> tibial tuberosity
Which deep group of toe flexors is the one that participates in big toe flexion?
a) tibialis posterior
b) flexor digitorum longus
c) flexor hallucis longus
c) flexor hallucis longus
also does plantar flexion
flexor digitorum longus does toe and plantar flexion
tibialis posterior does plantar flexion and inversion
Which nerve is involved in oculomotor palsy, causing down & out gaze and ptosis (drooping eyelid) and pupil dilation
CN III
Do deep arm flexors cross the elbow joint?
No!
They are: flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicis longus
Superficial flexors cross the elbow joint: flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus
Which rotator cuff muscles are innervated by the suprascapular nerves?
a) supraspinatus & infraspinatus
b) teres minor & infraspinatus
d) subscapularis & teres minor
a) supraspinatus & infraspinatus
subscapularis is upper & lower subscapular nerves
supraspinatus and infraspinatus are suprascapular nerve
teres minor is axillary nerve
What nerve innervates latissimus dorsi?
a) spinal accessory nerve CN XI
b) thoracodorsal nerve
c) dorsal scapular nerve
b) thoracodorsal nerve
spinal accessory nerve is trap
Which muscle of the posterior thigh is not innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve?
a) semiteninosus
b) semimembranosus
c) biceps femoris (longhead)
d) biceps femoris (shorthead)
d) biceps femoris (shorthead)
it's the common peroneal division
Of the medial thigh muscles, which is the only one that participates in knee flexion?
a) pectineus
b) adductor brevis
c) adductor longus
d) adductor magnus
e) gracilis
e) gracilis
also does medial rotation
What is the origin of the lateral compartment (evertor) muscles peroneus longus and brevis?
a) tibia
b) fibula
b) fibula
longus is upper 1/3
brevis is lower 2/3
What's another name for CN IV?
trochlear nerve