Conquistadors
This conquistador conquered the Aztec Empire starting in 1519.
Who is Hernán Cortés?
The Columbian Exchange was the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between these two hemispheres.
What are the Eastern and Western Hemispheres? (accept: Europe and Americas, Old World and New World)
This was the deadliest disease Europeans brought that killed thousands of Indigenous people.
What is smallpox?
This forced labor system gave Spanish colonists control over Indigenous workers.
What is the encomienda system?
The year Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire.
What is 1521?
This conquistador conquered the Inca Empire in 1532.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
Name TWO foods that went FROM the Americas TO Europe.
What are potatoes, corn, tomatoes, chocolate/cacao, beans, squash, peppers? (any two)
Indigenous peoples had no ______ to European diseases, which is why so many died.
What is immunity? (accept: resistance)
These were large estates where Indigenous people were forced to work the land.
What are haciendas?
The year Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire.
What is 1532 or 1533?
Name are of the "Three G's" - the three reasons conquistadors came to the Americas.
What are Gold, Glory, and God?
Name TWO animals that went FROM Europe TO the Americas.
What are horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, chickens? (any two)
The massive loss of Indigenous life from disease is called "The ______ ______."
What is the Great Dying?
Spanish built these religious settlements to convert Indigenous people to Christianity and erase their cultures.
What are missions?
About this percentage of Indigenous peoples died within 100 years of European contact.
What is 90%?
The Spanish had these THREE advantages that helped them defeat empires of millions: disease, allies, and ______.
What is technology? (accept: guns, horses, metal armor, weapons)
Before the Columbian Exchange, Italian food had no tomatoes and Irish people had never seen this vegetable.
What are potatoes?
Disease was the MAIN reason this many Spanish soldiers could defeat empires of millions.
What is a few hundred? (accept: 500, 180, small numbers)
This racial hierarchy system put Spanish people at the top and Indigenous/African peoples at the bottom.
What is the casta system?
Only this many Maya codices survived because Spanish burned the rest.
What is 4 (or four)?
Conquered Indigenous groups who HATED the Aztec did this to help Spanish defeat them.
What is joined/allied with the Spanish? (accept: fought alongside Spanish, helped them)
Europeans brought this plant to the Americas and created huge plantations using enslaved labor.
What is sugar cane?
Disease spread ahead of conquistadors, which is why some Indigenous communities were already weakened when Spanish arrived. True or False?
What is TRUE?
Who BENEFITED from encomiendas, haciendas, and missions? Who SUFFERED?
Who are the Spanish? (benefited) and Who are Indigenous peoples? (suffered)
Cortés arrived with about this many soldiers to conquer an empire of millions.
What is 500?