Consciousness
The _____ is the devil on your shoulder while the ________ is the angel on your shoulder.
ID; SUPEREGO
What is the difference in an agonist and an antagonist when it comes to psychoactive drugs?
Agonist: mimics/enhance
Antagonist: blocks/inhibits
This is the biological, natural behavior that is associated with a stimulus in Classical Conditioning.
Unconditioned Response
When learning has occurred, but it may not be apparent until an incentive has been given to the test subject to demonstrate their learning.
latent learning
A biological limitation, this idea focuses on how certain foods may be favored over harmful foods without the process of conditioning needing to take place.
taste aversion
Median between the unrealistic reality and external real world
EGO
What is the difference between a stimulant and a depressant?
Increase CNS
Decreases CNS
Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell being rung. At this point, the bell would be considered what?
Conditioned Stimulus
If a child regularly performs poorly on exams even after studying, they may start to believe that preparing for tests is ineffective and won't have any impact on their grade.
learnned helplessness
This schedule of reinforcement produces the most effective learning.
variable ratio schedule
According to Freud, where are our unacceptable urges and desires kept?
Unconscious
What are four things that occur in the body when someone does not get the recommended amount of sleep each night?
Decrease in learning and concentrating, memory formation, immune system, and metabolism
Increase in appetite, aging, irritability, heart issues, and cancer risks
When it was first introduced, the bell in Pavlov's experiment was considered one of these. After conditioning, it became a conditioned stimulus.
Neutral Stimulus
If a student sees a classmate get scolded for talking during a lecture, they might avoid talking during lectures themselves to avoid getting scolded.
Vicarious punishment
Spitting out food to get rid of a bad taste is an example of....
escape conditioning
The circadian rhythm is controlled by what structures structures
Hypothalamus & Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
What are three benefits to hypnosis or meditation?
Pain management, Decrease depression/anxiety, Stop bad habits
Lower blood pressure, heart rate, & breathing rate
Improved stress management, sleep quality, and moods
If Beth gets in a car crash that results in her being conditioned to fear that specific location of the accident, what role does the accident play in Classical Conditioning?
Unconditioned Stimulus
A dog jumps up on the table and steals a steak. She runs off and eats it. The cook comes back from another room, sees the steak gone, yells, "No" and throws a rolled-up towel at the dog. The dog avoids the counter now and all towels.
What is positive punishment? P+ for the dog because the dog is scared of towels and DOES NOT go on the counter
This famous psychologist produced the "bobo the clown experiment" to measure the effects of observational learning and violence in young children.
Albert Bandura
What we are not currently aware of in our present mind, but can bring to mind quickly, is referred to as which area of our consciousness?
Preconscious/subconscious
How does the brain's reward center operate?
Dopamine is released by the straitum by pleasurable item; drugs can mimic false highs
If a dog is classically conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell, and we remove that stimulus from the equation, what will eventually happen to the dog's conditioned response?
extinction
In Operant Conditioning, the process of a test subject getting closer and closer to the desired behavior each time they are reinforced or punished.
shaping
I fear soft, white things, thanks to the fact that I was classically conditioned with a rat and loud noises by Watson.