The First Amendment
This general freedom allows individuals to express their opinions without government punishment.
What is freedom of speech?
A legal standard that is more likely than not.
What is probable cause?
These rights, announced in a 1966 Supreme Court case, must be read to suspects before police questioning to protect the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination.
What is Miranda rights?
This document, which starts with “We the People,” contains the First Amendment.
What is the U.S Constitution
A legal standard that allows police officers to briefly detain a person and search them for weapons if they have belief that the person is involved in criminal activity.
What is reasonable suspicion?
This First Amendment freedom lets you gather peacefully in groups to express your views.
What is freedom of assembly?
This exception allows law enforcement to seize illegal items that are visible.
What is plain view?
A procedure where a suspect is placed among a group of individuals for identification by a witness.
What is a lineup?
Speech that denigrates, belittles, or expresses contempt for others based on their race, color, religion, sexual orientation, or other such characteristics.
What is hate speech?
Entering a private residence without a warrant and without knocking when chasing a suspected felon encountered in a public place who flees and takes refuge inside.
What is hot pursuit?
The First Amendment protects this freedom that allows newspapers, websites, and broadcasters to publish information.
What is freedom of the press?
In this 2009 Supreme Court case, the Court ruled that police can search a vehicle only if the arrestee is within reaching distance of the passenger compartment or if they believe the car contains evidence of the crime of arrest.
What is Arizona v. Gant?
This legal principle protects a person from being tried twice for the same crime after a verdict has been reached.
What is double jeopardy?
Words defined by the Supreme Court as direct, face-to-face insults likely to provoke an immediate violent reaction and is not protected by the First Amendment.
What are fighting words?
A Supreme Court case that allows law enforcement to stop and question individuals based on reasonable suspicion of criminal activity.
What is Terry v. Ohio?
This type of speech involves actions like wearing symbols or burning flags to express ideas.
What is symbolic speech?
Sets boundaries of how large or small containers can be during a search.
What is scope?
This Amendment protects from cruel and unusual punishment.
What is the 8th Amendment?
This 2003 Supreme Court case involved a law banning cross burning done with the intent to intimidate.
What is Virginia vs Black?
When a suspect is deprived of freedom, movement, and brought under a police officer’s control through either submission of legal authority or physical restraint.
What is a Seizure
According to the Supreme Court, material must meet all three parts of the Miller test to be considered this type of unprotected speech.
What is Obscenity?
The Supreme Court case that addresses the limits of drug-dog sniffs and luggage seizure.
What is U.S vs Place.
This Amendment guarantees the assistance of counsel, the appointment of counsel, and the right to waive assistance of counsel and conduct one’s own defense.
What is the 6th Amendment?
This court case affirmed that flag burning is a form of protected speech.
What is Texas v. Johnson?
A traffic stop made for an observed traffic violation in which the officer’s real motive is to check out a hunch about unrelated criminal activity.
What is a pretextual traffic stop?