PtD
What is the systematic way of determining the MOST effective means of eliminating or reducing hazards and risks?
Hierarchy of Controls
In a construction accident, which cost is higher?
Indirect cost
What year was OSHA created?
1970
Hazard is?
A potential for harm
When and where did the concept of safety culture first emerge?
In 1986 after Chernobyl nuclear accident
The risk remaining after risk reduction measures have been taken.
Residual Risk
A theoretical framework that explores the cause-and-effect chain of accidents.
Domino Theory
Who are NOT covered under the OSH Act
Self-employed persons; Farms -only immediate members of the farm employer’s family are employed; Working conditions regulated by other federal agencies
What are the fatal fours of construction? Why are they fatal fours?
Falls, Struck by objects, Electrocution, and Caught in between objects
Most critical factor in transforming safety culture from reactive to proactive on construction sites
Leadership commitment
The part of the design process that provides the best chance of finding ways to design out hazards, incorporate effective risk control measures, and design in efficiencies
Early Stage
Causing factors of Human Factors Theory, where Accidents are the result of human error
Overload, inappropriate activities, and inappropriate response
“Each employer shall furnish to each of his employees' employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his or her employees.”
General Duty Clause
We can think of this as the “mood” of an organisation, based on what workers experience at a specific time.
Safety climate
This issue arises when safety is treated as an individual responsibility rather than a system responsibility
Blame Culture
The phases of design, construction, operation, maintenance, end of service and disposal for a facility, equipment, process, and material.
Lifecycle
The layers are in constant rotation, and when the holes line up with the rest, the accident occurs
James Reason's Swiss Cheese Model - 1990
Which is the major paragraph in 29 CFR 1926.20(b)?
(b) is the major paragraph
A short, informal safety meeting focused on a specific topic relevant to the work being done.
Toolbox talk
This factor includes worker engagement, communication, and leadership commitment to safety.
Organizational factors
What are the benefits of PtD?
Reduced site hazards; Increased productivity; increased quality; Fewer delays due to accidents; Encourages designer-constructor collaboration; Improved operations/maintenance safety; Reduced workers’ compensation premiums
Which theory focuses on what people do, why they do it, and then applies a research-supported intervention strategy to improve what people do?
Behavior Based Safety (BBS)
Which part of the CFR covers Inspections, Citations and Proposed Penalties?
29 CFR Part 1903
A program designed to minimize incident-based financial losses.
Loss control
This systemic issue occurs when safety performance metrics focus only on lagging indicators like injury rates
Over-reliance on lagging indicators instead of leading indicators