Theorists
Constructivism Philosophy
Examples
Types of Constructivism
100
John Dewey
100
Learners construct meaning only through active engagement with the world.
Learning is an active process
100
building models, creating presentations, hands-on experiments
Hands-on activities
100
Knowledge is created through social interactions and collaboration with others.
Social Constructivism
200
Highlighted the importance of the “zone of proximal development” which is the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance and the role of scaffolding in learning(temporary support).
Lev Vygotsky
200
Knowledge is constructed not passively absorbed.
Constructivism's central idea
200
motivates students to give their opinions and perspectives
Discussion or Debates
200
Knowledge is constructed through mental processes such as attention, perception, and memory.
Cognitive Constructivism
300
Who said "understanding is not a matter of passively receiving but of actively building up."
Ernst von Glaserfeld
300
Teachers encourage students to think for themselves.
The role of the teacher in a constructivism classroom.
300
working in groups, discussing concepts, and sharing ideas
Collaborative Learning
300
Knowledge is constructed by the individual through their subjective experiences and interactions with the world.
Radical Constructivism
400
A founder of constructivism, focused on how children construct knowledge through active exploration and interaction with their environment suggesting that cognitive development occurs through stages
Jean Piaget
400
The environment in which children grow up will influence how they think and what they think about.
All knowledge is socially constructed
400
Teachers guide students at the beginning of a problem and continue to support them as the student gains independence
Scaffolding/ZPD
400
Knowledge is constructed socially, though everyone has different social experiences resulting in multiple realities.
Situated Constructivism
500
Individuals have subjective interpretations to the same lesson
All knowledge is personal
500
allow pairs of students to teach each other
Reciprocal learning
500
Knowledge is negotiated through conversation
Co-Constructivism