things that sound like bad football teams
Omaha Platform
Populist party platform created for the 1892 presidential election
Contained ideas that would benefit farmers
James Weaver ran for president and James Field ran for vice president (They lost)
They wanted sub treasuries (warehouses to store extra grain), a graduated income tax, direct elections of US senators, referendums, silver backed money, 8 hour work days, and public ownership of railroads
Birth of a Nation
1915
A popular silent film, which portrayed the KKK during Reconstruction as heroes
originally called the Clansmen and adapted from a book/play - it used racial stereotypes to portray blacks as degenerates
McCulloch v. Maryland
1819
Supreme Court case on federal power
The Supreme Court granted Congress implied powers under Article I Section 8 of the Constitution
The "Necessary and Proper" clause gave Congress the authority to create a national bank
Federalist Number 10
Written in 1787
James Madison argued for the adoption of the constitution, federalist paper 10 argues that a strong central government can guard against the "factionalism" of smaller republics
Stated that a broad, strong national government that should remain non-partisan
Madison also included the difference between a democracy and republic
Free Soil Party
Formed from the remnants of the Liberty Party in 1848; adopting a slogan of "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men
The Free-Soil Party was organized by anti-slavery men in the north (opposed the spread of slavery), democrats who were resentful at Polk's actions, and some conscience Whigs
The Free-Soil Party was against slavery in the new territories
They also advocated federal aid for internal improvements and urged free government homesteads for settlers
This Free-Soil Party foreshadowed the emergence of the Republican party
It ran Martin Van Buren (1848) and John Hale (1852) for president and was absorbed into the Republican Party by 1856.
Albany Congress
1754
A gathering in Albany, New York of colonial representatives who met from June 19-July 10, 1754 to develop a treaty with Native Americans, convince them to abandon their tradition of neutrality, and plan the defense of the colonies against France
It ended with little accomplished - they sent the Iroquois chieftains away loaded with gifts in return for halfhearted promises of support
First Great Awakening
1730-1740
Passionate Christian religious revival in the American colonies
Emphasized personal relationships with God
Worcester v. Georgia
1832
The court held that the Cherokee nation was a distinct political community within which Georgia law held no power and was therefore unconstitutional
Indian victory arguing the unconstitutionality of the Indian Removal Act
Wilson's 14 Points
1918
World War I war aims presented to Congress by president Woodrow Wilson
Wilson was hailed as a hero by colonies that aspired to be nations (Poles, Lithuanians, Zionest Jews)
Designed to address the causes of World War I and prevent another world war
Wilson's fourteen points sought:
Freedom of the seas
No more secret treaties
Reduction of national armaments
Possible redistribution of German-held colonies
Removal of trade barriers
*International peace and the League of Nations - especially important to Wilson
Self-determination/democracy for various nationalities
France and Britain supported only small parts of the 14 points and only passed the points that suited them at the Paris Peace conference and continued to annex territory gained from World War I which Wilson disliked
Wilson wanted a "peace without victory" but the treaty of Versailles was a "victor's peace"
Panic of 1857
1854-1856
Short, intense Northern Economic depression
Exports failed after the Crimean war in Europe, high interest rates created poor credit, prices were still high from the previous boom, and banks failed
It did not affect the South as much as it did the North and as a result, the South gained a sense of superiority over the North
Hartford Convention
1815
Federalists met in Connecticut for a secret meeting to discuss their disdain for the war of 1812 and the expanding power of the federal government
Andrew Jackson's victory discredited them and their proposed resolutions
The party nominated its last presidential candidate in 1816
A Century of Dishonor
1881 book by Helen Hunt Jackson
It was focused on the injustice of the American treatment of Native Americans
Her goal was to do for Native Americans what Uncle Tom's Cabin did for blacks
It had a minor impact - Congress helped to remedy the situation of the Ponca people
Plessy v. Furgusson
1896 Supreme Court ruling declared that the Jim Crow laws (segregation) would be allowed as long as whites and blacks were treated equally
In practice, they were never treated equally
"Separate but equal"
Ruling was a huge setback for equality - established a legal precedent and prevented constitutional challenges to segregation
Disliked by blacks, liked by southerners
Townshend Act
Passed by the British Parliament in 1767
Taxed goods imported to the American colonies such as lead, glass, and tea
Established an American Customs Board in Boston to collect taxes
Set up new jury-free courts in America to prosecute smugglers
Gave British officials the right to search colonists' houses and businesses
Meat Inspection Act
1906 act of Congress
Set federal regulations for meat packing plants and established a system of federal inspection
Its introduction was motivated by the horrors of the meat industry revealed by the book The Jungle
Created under Roosevelt
Dred Scott Decision
1857
Slave Scott sued for freedom after his master's death
He claimed that his prolonged stay in free Wisconsin made him free
The Southern controlled Supreme Court ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional - slaves were property so congress couldn't keep them out of any state
Their ruling became law
Halfway Covenant
1662
A Puritan Church document that allowed people to convert and become partial members which gave them more political rights (ability to vote and hold office)
Many women joined the Puritan church under the halfway covenant
Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer
1767-1768
Written by John Dickinson
Criticized the Townshend Acts and stated that only American legislators should have the ability to levy taxes
Addressed to the British
Published in many Colonial newspapers
Monroe Doctrine
1823
Message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe
Stated that the US wouldn't interfere in European affairs or wars and would recognize existing European colonies in the Western hemisphere
American foreign policy opposing European interference in western matters
Forbade foreign colonization of American land and the use of puppet monarchs
Bacon's Rebellion
1675 - 1676
Armed rebellion in Virginia led by Nathanial Bacon against governor sir William Berkeley when he didn't allow settlers to take over Native American land
The House of Burgesses enacted reforms to quell the rebellion
First rebellion in the American colonies
Shay's Rebellion
1786-1787
Demonstrated how weak the Articles of Confederation were
Led to the rise of Federalism
Took place in Massachusetts
Rebels violently attacked government owned properties
It was a rebellion of farmers against the poor economy under Washington, unfair debt caused by war, and high state taxes
Washington ultimately pardoned the rebels
As a result of the rebellion, Massachusetts introduced laws to make it easier for citizens to pay their debts
Antietam
1862
Also called the battle of Sharpsburg
There were over 23 thousand casualties
Confederate Robert E. Lee's army escaped Union General McClellan who was too cautious to pursue them - McClellan's failure to finish the job angered Lincoln greatly
French and Indian War
1754-1763
Also known as the Seven Years War
England sent troops to support the American colonies
Ended with the Treaty of Paris
Created high expenses for Britain which they paid off by taxing American colonists; this created the unrest that ultimately led to the American Revolution
Britain gained colonial territory
Both the US and Britain thought each other's military performance in the war was poor
Columbian Exchange
1400-1500
Transfer of plants, animals, people, diseases, technology, and culture between Europe, Africa, and the American Colonies
Slaves were sent from Africa to the US
Raw materials were sent from the US to Europe
Salem Witch Hysteria
1692-1693
Much smaller than those in Europe
200 people accused of witchcraft, 19 of which were hanged
Took place in Massachusetts
Girls were coerced to feign possession and accuse enemies of a local minister of witchcraft
The Salem witch trials ended when a governor's wife was accused