coordination (hard version)
what are enzymes
protein made in the body which speed up the rate of chemical reactions in a cell or outside a cell
name 6 glands
hint: HAP TOP
hypothalamus
adrenal gland
pituitary gland
testes
ovaries
pancreas
which structures are part of the central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
name the 3 types of neurons
sensory, relay and motor
what is the name of the fight or flight response
sympathetic system
what is modulator in the temperature increasing feedback loop
hypothalamus coordinates signals to the effectors
what is a gland and what is a hormone?
glands - organs that secrete hormones into the blood
hormones - proteins that service as a chemical messenger throughout the body
name the system responsible for the rest and digest function
parasympathetic nervous system (one of the autonomic systems)
name 5 different structures in a neuron
cell body
axon
axon terminal
dendrites
myelin sheath
nucleus
electrical impulses are transmitted from one neuron to the next using chemicals called _________
neurotransmitters
what is the receptor cells in the increase in glucose level feedback loop
pancreas cells are stimulated
which part of the body receives information from the nervous system and sends signals to the pituitary gland (aka. master gland) coordinating its response
hypothalamus
what are the effects of the flight-or-fight response (name at least 5)
heart rate increases
bladder relaxatiobn
tunnel vision
shaking
dilated pupils
flushes face
dry mouth
slow digestion
hearing loss
what 2 structures are part of the synapse (the gap)
axon terminal and dendrites
what is the goal of the spinal reflex arc
goal is to minimise harm to the body
what is a catabolic reaction
break LARGE molecules into SMALLER pieces and are important in digestion
usually exothermic - they release energy
which gland releases insulin (the hormone) and what is the function of it
pancreas releases insulin
it controls blood glucose levels
what is the function/what does the peripheral nervous system do
think: where are the signals being carried
nerves that can carry signals between the CNS and the rest of the body
what is the job/role of the sensory neuron?
what is the stimulus for the feedback loop of an increase in glucose level
concentration of blood glucose above the norm
4 factors that affect the rate of an enzyme reaction
temperature
pH
salt concentration
concentration of enzyme and concentration of substrate
what hormones does the pituitary gland release and what are their functions?
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) - causes thyroid to produce and secrete thyrosine
growth hormone - controls growth in the body, responsible for growth spurt at puberty, maintains organ size
explain why damage to the brainstem is more likely to be fatal than damage to the cerebrum
the brainstem controls essential life functions, you won't be able to regain consciousness, need artificial life support to remain alive -> called brain death
which 2 structures are directly attached to the cell body in a motor neuron?
dendrites and axon terminal
what hormones are released during the flight or fight response
cortisol and adrenaline