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Pathophysiology
Nursing Interventions
Treatment
Testing
Challenge
100
Irreversible enlargement of distal airspaces and alveolar wall destruction
What is emphysema?
100
position to place a person with an acute asthma attack
What is high Fowlers?
100

first choice of treatment for acute asthma

What is beta 2 agonist inhaler/nebulizers?

100
standard assessment test to determine airflow limitation
What is spirometry or PFT(pulmonary function test)?
100
cigarette smoke, allergens, air pollutants, respiratory infections
What are risk factors for COPD?
200

examples are Pulmonary Fibrosis Pneumonias,ARDS, Musculoskeletal deformities

What is Restrictive Lung Disease ?

200
specific diet for COPD
What is low carb/high fat/high calorie diet?
200

may be taken every day to help prevent COPD exacerbations

What is  Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors (roflumilast, propentofylline, luteolin)

200
measures PaO2, PaCO2 and pH
ABG (arterial blood gas)
200
COPD breathing is driven by this
What is hypoxic drive?
300
smooth muscle in the bronchioles contract and constrict the airway
What is asthma?
300
vaccines recommended for COPD patient's
What is flu and pneumococcal ?
300
nonpharmacologic therapy for COPD
What is smoking cessation, pulmonary rehab (exercise training, lifestyle planning, education), vaccination for influenza and pneumococcal)?
300
shows effectiveness of treatments and allows day-to-day changes to be measured
What is peak flow meter?
300
Asthma exacerbation that causes cyanosis, confusion and lethargy. Life threatening.
What is status asthmaticus?
400
chronic irritation of the airways leads to mucous gland hypertrophy and secretion
What is chronic bronchitis?
400

Glucocorticoid treatment, vit D deficiency, smoking, low BMI

What are risk factors that COPD patients have for osteoporosis?
400
goal O2 saturation of COPD patients on oxygen therapy
88-92%
400
increased blood level due to inflammatory immune response
What is IgE (immunoglobulin E)?
400
Chronic hypoxemia results this series of events
What is polycythemia, vasoconstriction in the pulmonary vasculature, pulmonary hypertension and finally right sided heart failure (cor pulmonale)