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Conditions for growth
Anatomy of Cnidarian
Atoll formation
Artificial Reefs
Misc
100

In what substrate do coral attach to? 

What is Hard/rocky substrate?

100

All corals are animals called_______

What is Cnidarians?

100

Who first proposed the theory of coral reef formation.

What is Darwin?

100

What are good materials to build artificial reefs.

what is, stone blocks, sunkin ships, large sacks with sand.
100

List a benefit of coral reefs.

What is, Protection to coastlines, commercial fishing provides jobs and income, medicines, biodiversity, Tourism. 

200

In what depth do coral grow in?

What is shallow/20m from surface?

200

Describe the structure of Polyp

sessile tube-like structure attached to hard substrate with central mouth

200

What is the first stage of reef formation?

What is oceanic volanco?
200

what are the benefits of artificial reefs.

increase biodiversity, reduce wave energy, reduce costal erosion, etc.

200

List three factors of reef erosion.

What is, Predation, Physical damage, exposure to air, ocean acidification, human actives. 
300

What are the water conditions needed for coral to grow in?

What is shallow, Clear water and salt water? 
300

Describe function and structure of Cnidocytes

  •  stinging cells on tentacles with nematocysts (harpoons with toxins to sting prey or ward off predators)
300

What is the second stage of atoll formation and explain how it forms.

Over time, island volcano begins to sink. Coral continues to grow along shoreline forming fringing reef. 

300

What are Negatives to Artificial Reefs? List more than 2

  1. Materials can release harmful toxins to the environment.
  2. May encourage invasive species
  3. Materials used to create reef may not be successful and coral will not attach to them
  4. Expensive
  5. May increase tourism instead of relieve pressure on natural reefs
300

What are the effects of reef erosion.

  1. Economic impacts: loss of shoreline and damage by storm surges can cost communities millions in repairs
  2. Less protection from waves means financial investment to build breakwaters (structures to protect harbors from waves)
  3. Less areas for boat anchorage
  4. Destruction of habitats
  5. Loss of income from fishing and tourism
  6. Less food and medicine for human populations🐟
400

What is the name of the relationship bet Coral and zooxanthella?

What is Mutualism?

400

The Calyx is made up of what?

What is calcium Carbonate?

400

What is the third stage of an atoll formation and explain it. 

Island continues to sink / Coral continue to grow upwards adding calcium carbonate to grow reef but growing vertically to maintain proper depth. Lagoon is formed between the reef and the island - forming barrier reef.

400

Why are good materials in aritifcal reefs important?

  • Don't erode easily
  • Heavy so they don't wash away
  • Hard substrate for the larvae to attach to
  • Have holes for organisms to hide in
400

How do Coral reefs provide large biodiversity?

To insure their survival, species create very specialized niches to reduce the overlap in the use of resources in the reef thus reducing competition.

500

Describe the relationship between Zooxanthellae.

Zooxanthellae is a photosynthetic type of algae, so it provides glucose and oxygen to the coral While coral provides carbon dioxide for photosynthesis as well as a home for the algae.

500

List of od the parts of a Coral Polyp

Bud, Bassel plate, tentacles, mouth, stomach.

500

What is the last stage and explain.

What is atoll reef? 

Eventually island disappears completely below the sea surface. Ring of coral islands remains. relatively shallow lagoon in the center. 

500

Compare and contrast Artificial reefs and coral reefs.

Answer may vary, compare biological processes, types, benfits and drawbacks, etc

500

Explain what are Patch reefs and it's importance. 

  1. These are small individual reefs within the lagoon which rarely reach the surface
  2. They are important as habitats for juvenile fish since they are located in the calmer waters of a lagoon