CORALS & HYDROTHERMALS

Symbiosis

100

Give a type of symbiosis found in the environment.

Mutualism/Commensalism/Parasitism

200

What type of symbiotic relationship do corals and hydrothermal vent organisms rely on for survival?

Mutualistic

300

The algae with which corals have a symbiotic relationship.

Zooxanthellae

Physical/Biological

100

One example characteristic of vent animals.

Lives in darkness, can handle extreme heat/cold, survives under high pressures, can tolerate toxic chemicals

200

What conditions do corals prefer to grow in?

Shallow, warm water with low turbidity

300

What is the compound responsible for the hard exoskeletons of corals?

Calcium carbonate

Ecosystem Functions

100

What biological process do zooxanthelle operate to provide nutrients for corals?

hint: sunlight

Photosynthesis

200

Give one product that can be found from reefs and/or hydrothermal vents.

Reefs: Fish, crustaceans, etc.

Hydrothermal Vents: Minerals

300

What's another term/name for the chemosynthetic microbes?

Extremophiles

Threats & Conservation

100

What is the difference between conservation and restoration?

Conservation: preserving existing ecosystems from further degradation
Restoration: actively restoring ecosystems under threat via human interaction

200

What is one example of a restoration method for coral reefs?

Coral nurseries, coral transplantation, artificial reefs, controlling invasive species

300

What is one conservation effort used to protect hydrothermal vents?

ISA: regulating seabed mining

Management measures: REMPs, ABMTs, MPA

High Seas Treaty: a global framework for the usage of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction