Data
Name 2 types of data.
Primary and secondary
Qualitative and quantitative
What is a questionnaire?
involves gathering information from people either written or orally using a planned series of questions.
What is bias?
A person's beliefs and values that interfere with results and findings.
a problem, statement or question that one proposes to test through research.
Name 2 sources of data.
Individuals and groups
Print and digital
The number of particpants included in the research study is known as what?
Outline why convenience sampling is invalid and unreliable.
Can skew results, choosing people you know will not accurately reflect the research question
What is a literature review?
A logical and methodical way of organising the existing body of knowledge about a topic.
What is qualitative data?
involves collecting data that can provide a participant's thoughts or feelings about a given topic. This provides a more in depth response.
What are 2 advantages of interviews?
-can be carried out in person, over the phone
- allows the interviewee to clarify what is being asked
-interviewer can note down body language
- both open and closed questions can be asked.
Define ethics.
A system of moral principles or standards or right and wrong covering the appropriate conduct for an individual or group in a specific situation
Describe what should be included in an appendix.
items of interest, completed surveys. notes from observations and secondary data.
Outline reliability.
A term referring to the consistency of research methods that different researchers use under the same condition to yield similar/same results.
What is the purpose of a pilot study?
A test run is undertaken to check the suitability of question types, wording, and layout of a questionnaire.
Explain the importance of both confidentiality and accurately crediting sources of data when conducting a quality research project.
Confidentiality is important because participants need to remain anonymous and feel protected throughout the research project. This is done through seeking permission prior to commencing an interview or requesting them to take part in a questionnaire, case study or observation. If participants are not confident their answers will be kept cionfidential they will be hesitant to provide their responses leading to unreliable data.
Accurately crediting soures of data in the bibliography and appendix is an important part of a research project to ensure integrity of the data. correct referencing demonstrates respect for other people's work and avoids plagiarism.
outline the research process that should be used when conducting research.
planning for research- create a project plan that includes the research question or hypothesis and outline the research process.
conducting research- research any previous studies on the topic to create a literature review.
Select a sample group to adequately represent the population of the topic.
gather primary data by conducting interviews and questionnaires to address the research.
maintain a diary that records the ongoing process, values, attitudes,and feelings that reflect on problems and solutions.
Interpreting research- present research findings in graphs and tables.
Analyse research results by comparing key findings from primary and secondary data.
Form research-based conclusions and make recommendations.
Include a bibliography to credit sources of data.
Name 4 ways to present data findings.
pie graph, column graph, bar graph, table, line graph
which of the following best describes systematic sampling?
a) selecting participants at a random starting point and then at a fixed periodic interval.
b) dividing the population into various cluster groups and then randomly selected.
c) selecting individuals at random from the list of volunteers already obtained from the population.
A- selecting participants at a random starting point and then at a fixed periodic interval.
Discuss the suitability of ONE research method when conducting research on sensitive topics.
When conducting research on sensitive topics some research methods are more suitable than others. Interviews have features that would make them suitable for use. E.g Interviews, the researcher has the opportunity and time to build rapport with the interviewee. This can make them feel relaxed and comfortable and in answering sensitive questions. Researcher can offer support and gather qualitative data understanding deeper emotional aspects of the topic that you may not get through questionnaires.
Interviews also allow to clarify and confirm information that may be unclear , can also be paused to allow interviewee to compose themselves if they get upset. On the other hand some people do not want to share personal and emotional responses in a face to face setting, they may prefer to remain anonymous.
Assess the suitability of using case studies to investigate family types in the local area.
Case studies are in depth summary primary research technique. They usually use more than one research technique such as interviews, observations and questionnaires. This technique could be suitable to investigate family types in the local community as it would provide significant detail on the range of family types and their prevalance. Case sstudies can provide qualitative data; quantitative data would be limited due to the nature of the research. It is important that the researcher remains impartial and respects the privacy of the families. Case studies can be time consuming and may present issues when the researcher is analysing the findings due to the changing nature and diversity of families.