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Key Terms
FQ1
FQ2
FQ3
FQ4
100
Chronic disease
Long term, very damaging and costly diseases
100
Why is it important to prioritise health issues?
To address those of increasing prevalence/incidence Make all Australians healthier (equity) To be socially just (social justice practice) To reduce costs to individuals, communities, governments To prevent conditions that can be prevented (prevention better than cure)
100
Name 2 of the groups experiencing health inequities.
ATSI Low SES / SED Rural / remote people Overseas born Elderly People with disabilities
100
What does CAM stand for?
Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
100
Name the 5 areas of the Ottawa Charter.
BHPP CSE SCA RHS DPS
200
Nature & Extent (of the problem....)
Nature - what it is Extent - how big it is (growing, shrinking, incidence, prevalence)
200
What is the role of epidemiology?
To tell us about the basic health status of Australia in terms of quantifiable measures of ill health by using data. Provide trends in disease incidence and prevalence (showing patterns, e.g. socioeconomic and cultural groups). Epidemiology uses data on: death rates, birth rates, illnesses, injuries, treatments provided, work days lost, Hospital usage, and money spent by both consumers and the government.
200
Why does Australia have an increased population living with chronic disease and disability?
More poor lifestyle choices made in earlier life Improved medicine and care (living longer) Less people going for check ups (living longer without treatment, so living with condition for longer) Higher survival rates from major surgery More money being spent by government on curing illness
200
1.Name 3 forms of CAM 2. describe what they are and how they are used to treat illness.
Various answers
200
Name 2 health promotion initiatives that are based on the Ottawa Charter and describe which elements they address.
Healthy Harold National Tobacco Campaign School PDHPE (Govt endorsed) National Road Safety Campaign (Need a Plan B) Advertising by Dr's, e.g. Brian Howler's on car crash, speeding
300
Incidence
Number of new cases.
300
Define the 4 main measures of epidemiology?
- mortality - morbidity - life expectancy - infant mortality
300
For a group suffering preventable high levels of disease other the CVD sufferers, Explain 2 sociocultural, 2 socioeconomic and 2 environmental factors that are suffered by them.
Cancer..... Diabetes....
300
Is health care equitable (equal) for all sections of the community? Why/Why not?
Socioeconomic Factors... Sociocultural Factors... Environmental Factors... Some Individual Factors....
300
For each of the Ottawa Charter areas, explain 2 examples showing how they are addressed in Australia: - DPS - CSE - RHS - BHPP - SCA
Various answers - check with teacher
400
Atherosclerosis Arterioscelrosis
Atherosclerosis: a disease of the arteries characterised by the deposition of fatty material (cholesterol) on their inner walls. Arteriosclerosis: the thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, occurring typically in old age, poor diet, etc.
400
Name two direct costs and two indirect costs of health issues on the community?
Direct = anything to do with money / funding Indirect = poorer emotional health in community, sense of no one cares for them, worthlessness, inability to change/take ownership of health/have their say
400
Volunteer organisations provide care for elderly Australians. Identify 2 organisations that provide this care and how they assist our ageing population.
Anglicare Nurses on Wheels Alzheimers Australia Volunteers often cook, drive, do housework, visiting, or help the elderly shop, etc.
400
Provide 2 benefits and 2 limitations of the services provided by: - Medicare - Private Health Insurance
Various answers - check with teacher
400
Why do individuals, governments and communities need to work in partnership to promote and achieve the best outcomes for health.
Intersectional approach Everyone takes ownership and responsibility Govt = $$ and provide guidelines, Communities = Support and Enable, Individuals = make their change at individual level.
500
Coronary Heart Disease Peripheral Vascular Disease
Coronary Heart Disease: largest single cause of death in Australia. A waxy substance called plaque builds up inside the coronary arteries. Peripheral Vascular Disease: a slow and progressive circulation disorder caused by narrowing, blockage, or spasms in a blood vessel. Often effects limbs at extremities (toes, fingers, etc.)
500
How do we identify priority population groups?
Those experiencing the most inequities Those with the capacity (and willingness) to improve health Those who can't improve their health without assistance Those suffering the most prevalence with certain conditions, with rising incidence rates (capacity to decrease these)
500
Describe the groups most at risk of suffering from: - Skin - Breast - Lung Also explain WHY.
Exposure to risk factors Family history Not getting diagnosis/check-ups Undertaking obvious risk factors regularly / not following protective factors Common ones: males, over 40, poor diet, smoking, exposure to UV rays, lack of protective factors followed.
500
With CAM, How should consumers make informed choices about what/when/how to get and use treatments?
Qualifications of provider Do your own research (effectiveness, etc.) Know of consequences of treatment (complementary approach) Understand idea behind the treatment and how it works Contact Government websites / Professional organisations
500
Everyone has different responsibilities for health. Explain which areas are managed by (their responsibilities): - Individuals - Communities - Government Consider a specific Ottawa Charter area to answer this.
For BHPP: Government - policies, guidelines, funding - e.g. Close The Gap Initiative Communities - help uphold policies, reinforce guidelines, provide assistance/support for individuals - e.g. involvement of ATSI communities and elders in running Close The Gap Individuals - follow guidelines given to them, provide for their families, support one another - e.g. ensuring children are provided with a good diet and education (health literacy)