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How do the musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems of the body influence and respond to movement?
What is the relationship between physical fitness, training and movement efficiency
How do Biomechanical Principles influence movment?
100
Name 6 major bones of the body
Cranium Mandible Clavicle Scapula Sternum Ribs Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Vertebrae Pelvis femur Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges
100
Name the 5 health related components of fitness
Cardiorespiratory endurance Muscular strength Muscular Endurance Flexibility Body Composition
100
Explain the term acceleration
A change in velocity (speed) over time e.g. speeding up
200
Label the parts of the respiratory system
Larynx Pharynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchiole Alveoli
200
What is the difference between aerobic training and anaerobic training?
Aerobic training utilises oxygen to break down carbohydrates into energy. Submaximal activities rely on aerobic energy and therefore require aerobic training Anaerobic training is high intensity training that takes place above the anaerobic threshold. It utilises energy already stored in the muscles and liver but this runs out quickly and lactic acid build up & hinders performance. Activities of high intensity require this type of training.
200
What does the term line of gravity refer to?
The line from the centre of gravity of an object to the floor
300
Name and explain the 2 types of muscular contraction
Isometric = muscle length remains the same through contraction e.g. iron cross or plank Isotonic = concentric - muscle shortens as it contracts e.g. biceps in upward phase of bicep curl. Eccentric - muscle lengthens at it contracts e.g. biceps in downward phase of bicep curl
300
What is the FITT principle?
Frequency - number of sessions per week Intensity - how hard you work (% of maximum HR) Time - How long per session Type - type of activity you do
300
Give one example of a change in technique that has been influenced by an understanding of fluid resistance.
Topspin in tennis Spiral pass in rugby Swimming stoke (hand entry) Paddle stroke (SUP / Kayak)
400
Explain how the skeletal and muscular systems contribute to movement
Muscle isotonically contract - pull on tendon - which pulls on bone. Bone moves due to the make up of synovial joints. Cartilage and synovial fluid allow movement. Ligaments stabilise joints
400
What are the immediate physiological responses to training?
HR - increases Ventilation Rate - increases Stroke Volume - increases Cardiac Output - Increases Lactate Levels - rise when exercise intensity goes above the anaerobic threshold
400
Give an example of how the body applies force in a sporting context.
High jumper taking off pushes into ground to get force back Starting blocks (running or swimming) Tackling in rugby to stop momentum of opponent Hitting a ball in cricket or softball
500
Explain the pulmonary and systemic circuits
De O2 blood into right atrium via vena cava - into right ventricle - into pulmonary artery - to lungs for gas exchange - into pulmonary vein - into left atrium - into left ventricle - into aorta - pumped to body where muscles use O2 and create CO2 which gets carried back to heart.
500
Explain the changes to Heart Rate and and respiration during submaximal physical activity
The nervous system triggers a response as exercise starts which increase the rate and depth of inspiration. This is to draw more oxygen into the body so it can be supplied to the working muscles and organs. HR increases because blood (via haemoglobin) transports oxygen to body. As more oxygen is required quickly then more blood is required to circulate the body at a faster rate
500
Pick one area of biomechanics and explain how understanding of those principles had influenced sporting performance.
Motion Balance and stability Fluid Mechanics Force