Jail
Repeated and cumulative media exposure is thought to contribute to insecurity and fear of crime according to _______ theory.
social learning / social interaction / cultivation / crime control
cultivation
By the end of this time period in England, punishment had become less cruel and moved toward exhibitory punishments such as stocks and pillories.
William the Conqueror's reign / mosaic / middle ages / king hammurabi's reign
Middle ages
Under which of the following sentencing does responsibility for prisoner's release from confinement lie with correction officials (e.g., parole board) rather than with the sentencing judge.
presumptive / determinate / indeterminate / mandatory minimum
indeterminate
Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of probation supervision?
pretrial supervision / deferred adjudication probation / intensive probation / incapacitation probation
incapacitation probation
When did the New Year's Eve Ball first drop in Times Square?
1907 / 1921 / 1946 / 1979
1907
Which of the key requirements for an effective deterrence system is problematic because it is reasonably achieved only if citizens are willing to be constantly monitored?
certainty / swiftness / severity / predictability
certainty
This person is often considered the greatest prison reformer of modern times.
Moses / William the Conqueror / Howard Johnson / John Howard
John Howard
Judge Johnson is required by his state to refer to a matrix then issue a sentence that falls within a range of months for an offender with particular characteristics who has been convicted of a particular crime category. Judge Johnson is following
sentencing commission standards / presumptive sentencing guidelines / voluntary sentencing guidelines / truth-in sentencing statutes
presumptive sentencing guidelines
Sara has been sentenced to a community-based correctional center where she will live under supervision and must obtain permission to leave for work, school, or leisure activities. To what type program has Sara been sentenced?
residential community corrections facility / electronic monitoring / day reporting center / home confinement
residential community corrections facility
How large is the Times Square New Year's Eve Ball in diameter?
6ft / 9ft / 12ft / 15ft
12ft
Which punishment philosophy relies on the core assumptions that people are rational, calculating, individuals using free will to achieve pleasure and avoid pain?
deterrence / rehavilitation / retribution / restoration
deterrence
Prison programs in the late twentieth century were more likely to emphasize
educational training / vocational training / diagnosis / restorative justice procedures
restorative justice procedures
Requiring a prison sentence, rather than some form of community corrections, for particular crimes and some offenders is called _______ sentencing.
presumptive / mandatory / truth-in / voluntary
mandatory
As a condition of his probation, Stefan must check in daily with a nonresidential community corrections program that blends high levels of control with the delivery of specific services that Stefan needs. Stefan is participating in a(n) program.
restitution / day reporting center / home confinement / electronic monitoring
day reporting center
How many pounds did the first Times Square New Year's Eve Ball weigh?
600 / 700 / 800 / 900
700lbs
Under which type of incapacitation would the policy be to reserve imprisonment for only those offenders needing to be locked away for society's protection?
technological / selective / indeterminate / general
selective
According to a figure in the textbook, various categories of offenders in Oklahoma, Indiana and Kentucky consider which of the following sentences to be the most sever?
regular probation / halfway house / jail / prison
jail
The foundation of a community corrections sentence starts with ______, then the judge adds conditions with which the offender must comply.
a fine / electronic monitoring / a bail bond / probation
probation
The percentage of jail inmates identified as having a mental health problem is especially high for
non-Hispanic African-Americans / males / persons age 24 or younger / adults who had been living with their parents
persons age 24 or younger
How much confetti is dropped in Times Square on New Year's Eve?
1ton / 1.5tons / 2tons / 2.5tons
1 ton
Generally speaking, with ______ incapacitation people are sentenced to prison based on their personal characteristics, whereas under ____ incapacitation people are sentenced to prison based on characteristics of their crime.
technological & General / general & selective / selective & technological / selective & general
selective & general
A ______ investigation report is an informal source on which judges base their sentencing decision for adult felony offenses.
pretrial / presumptive / presentence / pre-reporting
presentence
Of the persons serving at least part of their correctional sentence through some form of community supervision or treatment program, the majority are
on probation / in a halfway house / reporting to day report centers / under electronic monitoring
on probation
Jails configured as _____ facilities are designed with single or multiple occupancy cells aligned along corridors.
podular / linear / elliptical / continuous
linear
What country gained independence on Jan. 1, 1803?
Spain / Mexico / Haiti / Cuba
Haiti