1
First house of corrections was built when and where
Was built at Bridewell, in London, in 1557
What was the first young offender act called?
Juvenile delinquents act (JDA)
Enacted in 1908
What is extra judicial sanctions
These can be imposed either before or after a youth is charged with an offence and may include:
What is conditional discharge
The youth is found guilty but discharged on conditions directed by the court
*If the youth adheres to these conditions no criminal record will result
What is secure custody?
A Correctional Centre for young offenders
A secure setting that is supervised by Young Offender Officers
The Catholic Church used as a form of?
Punishment as early as the 6th century
In 1984 the government enacted the:
Young Offenders Act (YOA)
What was the goal of the YCJA
To use extra judicial measures and sanctions to reduce the incarnation rate
What is the most common sentence?
Probation
Maximum sentence for a young offender in Canada
3 years.
Max 2 years in custody, followed by one year of community supervision. Sentenced as an adult can change this.
What was Galley Slavery?
A sentence to remove poor people from prisons and use them as free labour.
What is the current legislation for young offenders?
The youth and criminal justice act (YCJA) Enacted in 2003
Most common offences by youths
What is restitution?
The Offender is ordered to return or replace any property they stole or damaged caused by the offender’s crime
It can be part of a sentence or a separate orde
Correctional facilities primary mandate is....
The protection of society
What was Transportation?
A form of banishment to American and Australian colonies. (Ended in 1776 after transporting an estimated 160,000 offenders to Australia alone.)
What is classified a young offender
12-17
What is Absolute discharge
The youth is found guilty but is released and does not have a criminal record
What's the max fine for a youth?
a fine not exceeding $1000
The purpose and principles of sentencing:
1. Denounce unlawful conduct
2. Separate from Society
3. Reparations to victims and or community
4. Promote a sense of responsibility to the offender
5.Rehabilitation
6. Deter the offender
What were Hulks?
Floating prisons from 1776 - 1850 10 ships holding more than 6000 prisoners
What is extra Judicial measures?
A response to youth crime that is less formal
It avoids youth court
It may include police warnings and referrals to community programs
Simply put: avoid standard courts and sentencing process.
Trials or jail time which is the usual pathway for offenders
What is Judicial reprimand?
A judge may issue a verbal “reprimand” to a young offender rather than an actual sentence.
This is most often given to first-time offenders convicted of minor offences.
These offenders do not receive a criminal record.
What is compensation
The court may order the youth to pay or provide personal services to compensate for losses, damage, or injuries resulting from the commission of the offence
What are diversion programs?
keep offenders from being processed further into the criminal justice system