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Case Application
Characteristics of Lesions
Structures
100
A patient with poor balance and coordination, along with damage to the frontal lobe, should be closely monitored for this reason.
What is impulsivity, poor decision making? They may want to get up and walk without realizing they need assistance 
100

Patients with cortical lesions will present with reflexes at this grade.

What is 3+ or 4+?

100

This structure may be damaged if a patient has broken speech. 

What is Broca's Area?

200

A patient with damage to the cortex may need to use this device due to impaired ability to use muscles of speech.

What is a computer/tablet?

200

This is the abnormal posturing associated with cortical lesions, differentiated by elbow extension.

What is decerebrate posturing?

200

One of these 2 structures may be damaged if motor planning is impaired, but initiation of movement is in tact.

What is premotor area OR supplementary motor area?

300

Disorders of consciousness are due to damage of this brain structure.

What is the cerebral cortex?

300
These are 2 reflexive responses associated with damage to the cortex.

What are clonus and clasp-knife response?

300

Damage to this artery results in damage to motor cortex functioning.

What is middle cerebral artery?

400

Patients in comas usually maintain function of this structure involved in low level functioning, and are thus able to continue living.

What is the brain stem?

400

A patient who is unaware of their impairments and acts on impulse may have damage to this hemisphere.

What is the right hemisphere?

400

Apathy may be caused by damage to this structure.

What is the ACA or frontal lobe (prefrontal cortex)?