MELANIN
What is the function of the cervical vertebrae?
to give support and structure to the neck
A cosmetologist is discussing possible treatments for dry scalp with a client. In order to make informed decisions about scalp treatments, which body system should the cosmetologist understand?
integumentary system
A broad-spectrum sunscreen is one that _________
has been shown to protect against UVA and UVB radiation from the sun
The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is _____.
pheomelanin
What characteristics can help identify a malignant melanoma?
black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture
The proximal nail fold is the entire flap of skin that covers what?
the matrix
What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the nail plate’s free edge?
the hyponychium
Why must the hyponychium be treated gently?
If the hyponychium is damaged, an infection under the nail plate is possible.
A normal nail plate grows forward from the ____ and extends over the tip of the finger.
matrix
How long does it take for toenail plates to be fully replaced?
9 to 12 months
How would you recommend clients make their plate grow thicker?
Nothing can make the nail plate grow thicker.
Which layer of the hair shaft provides strength, elasticity, and color?
the cortex
What are the major chemical elements that make up human hair?
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur
Hair is approximately _____ percent protein.
90
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is hair _____.
porosity
What is the cause of pityriasis?
fungal infection
Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy is called _____.
postpartum alopecia
What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum?
pityriasis steatoides
Which type of draping has a smaller neck strip to allow the hair to fall naturally?
styling draping
Do not massage or manipulate a client’s scalp if you detect the presence of _____.
abrasions
When a cosmetologist combs hair away from its natural falling position before cutting in order to increase a hair design’s length, the cosmetologist is using _______.
overdirection
Select the most appropriate type of haircutting shears to use when a stylist wants to add texture to the ends of a client’s hair by point cutting.
short blades
To execute a client’s desired hairstyle, a stylist must remove large sections from the client’s straight, thick hair. Which type of haircutting shears is best for this task?
chunking shears
Which haircutting tool is best suited for cutting a clean line around the ears?
trimmers
What is the best way to maintain control of the subsection when cutting with a vertical or diagonal cutting line?
palm-to-palm
During a consultation a client informs the stylist of a desire to transition to natural hairstyling. Select the most appropriate question the stylist should ask to determine a look suited to the client’s desire.
What is your weekly hair care maintenance routine?
Which natural textured set involves opening a braid to create a texture-on-texture effect with added volume?
braid-out set
How is the appropriate amount of hold created for a strong roller set?
Apply styling gel or lotion before rolling the hair.
Before beginning an updo, a stylist should consider ______ to build the shape, design the style, and customize the hairstyle.
sectioning
Waves that are activated from an outside heat source, such as a conventional hooded blowdryer, are _____ waves.
endothermic
The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is called _____.
thio neutralization
Which hair type will take the longest to process?
coarse-textured with low porosity
What coloring process lifts and deposits color in one application?
single-process haircoloring
Disposable gloves should be worn during waxing procedures to __________.
avoid contact with bloodborne pathogens
A cosmetologist should avoid light treatments, such as intense pulsed light, if the client has __________.
epilepsy
What are the three methods of permanent hair reduction?
photoepilation, electrolysis, and laser hair removal
What is a consequence of performing services outside of the scope of practice in your state?
You may lose your license.
Why must technicians wear gloves while performing pedicures?
to prevent exposure to pathogens present on the feet or in the water
Most bacteria are ______.
nonpathogenic
Which of the following is TRUE of a disease that spreads from one person to another?
It is communicable.
Which of the following is TRUE of sterilization?
It destroys all microbial life including spores.
The first step in infection control is ______.
cleaning
Tuberculosis is transmitted through which of the following means?
inhalation
What does a reducing agent do?
adds hydrogen to a chemical compound
What accompanies the rapid oxidation of a substance during combustion?
the production of heat and light
Why should ammonia never be mixed with bleach?
It creates a potentially deadly gas.
How many accepted pictograms are included in all SDS?
9
Daria’s boss has instructed her to create a variety of products and mixtures. The one thing her boss insisted upon was that each have a measurable pH. Which of the following must Daria include in all of her mixtures and products?
water
Harriet’s client Rafael has requested that Harriet use a solution that is neutral to his skin. Which of the following should Harriet be using on Rafael’s skin?
a pH of 5
What does a reducing agent do?
adds hydrogen to a chemical compound