COSMETOLOGY
Cosmetology is defined as ___________.
the art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair, including the study of cosmetics and their application
Why is it valuable for cosmetologists to understand the history of cosmetology?
Knowledge of history provides a deeper understanding of beauty trends and their origins.
What social role did braid patterns and hairstyles play in many ancient African tribes?
Braid patterns and hairstyles were used to indicate a person’s tribe, marital status, and religion.
Why did women in ancient Rome color their hair?
They colored their hair to indicate their social class.
In the Zhou dynasty of ancient China, commoners could be punished with death if caught using what cosmetic coloring technique?
tinting their nails gold or silver, which were the royal colors
What innovation in beauty did the Persian alchemist Avicenna introduce around 1000 CE?
the steam distillation process for refining essential oils
During the reign of Queen Marie Antoinette of France in the Age of Extravagance (1755 to 1793), what beauty fashion was popular?
giant pompadour wigs and scented face powders
Which innovation in beauty technology originated in the Victorian era?
the curling iron
In the early twentieth century, Garrett Augustus Morgan created a chemical solution that made wool straighter, inventing the first _______.
chemical hair relaxer
Who was an early example of an entrepreneurial female beautician?
Martha Matilda Harper
After it was organized in the 1920s, the Associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of America (AMBBA) __________.
established the National Education Council and the Barber Code of Ethics
In 1906, Charles Nessler invented the first perm process that curled hair by ____________.
wrapping the hair around metal rods heated by electric current
In the twentieth century, which beauty trend did celebrity Farrah Fawcett inspire?
long, layered hairstyles
What was David Beckham’s impact on cosmetology trends in the early twenty-first century?
David Beckham inspired men to embrace a more body-conscious style.
Becoming a specialist in a service type covered by a cosmetology license requires ________.
additional training and expertise
Which cosmetology career opportunity would be a good fit for an experienced cosmetologist who enjoys public speaking and sharing information about new products and innovations?
manufacturer educator
The term cosmetology comes from the _____ word kosmetikos, meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics.
Greek
Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to infuse essential oils from _____ for use as perfumes and for purification purposes.
leaves and blossoms
Why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips during the Victorian Age?
to induce natural color
During which austere and restrictive period in British history (1837 to 1901) did Queen Victoria reign?
Victorian Age
Which Polish immigrant Americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles, where he began making and selling makeup?
Max Factor
_____, the child of former slaves, was a pioneer in the modern African American hair care and cosmetics industry.
Sarah Breedlove
In 1985, a hairdresser, _____, led by his passion for his craft and environment, revolutionized the beauty industry by inventing the world’s first ammonia-free haircolor.
Farouk Shami
Your license will unlock countless doors for employment. However, your career must be _____.
fueled with personal dedication and passion