SKIN
What social role did braid patterns and hairstyles play in many ancient African tribes?
Braid patterns and hairstyles were used to indicate a person’s tribe, marital status, and religion.
Why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips during the Victorian Age?
to induce natural color
In the early twentieth century, Garrett Augustus Morgan created a chemical solution that made wool straighter, inventing the first _______.
chemical hair relaxer
The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is _____.
pheomelanin
Which skin pigmentation change is a hormonal disorder that appears during pregnancy or with the use of birth control pills?
melasma
The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little finger, is the _____.
ulna
Why should cosmetologists have an understanding of anatomy and physiology?
Common cosmetology procedures can rely on an understanding of human anatomy.
How is an ulcer an example of a secondary lesion?
An ulcer is an open lesion that may weep fluid or pus.
Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to infuse essential oils from _____ for use as perfumes and for purification purposes.
leaves and blossoms
What was David Beckham’s impact on cosmetology trends in the early twenty-first century?
David Beckham inspired men to embrace a more body-conscious style.
Becoming a specialist in a service type covered by a cosmetology license requires ________.
additional training and expertise
Identify a function of the lymphatic system.
Defend the body against toxins and bacteria, and remove by-products of infection, such as pus and dead tissue.
How is nevus like vitiligo?
Nevus and vitiligo are both skin pigment disorders.
Oil glands that are connected to hair follicles are also called _____.
sebaceous glands
Which nerve fibers in the skin stimulate muscles?
motor nerve fibers
Which description best defines a motor nerve?
Motor nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands.
What is the function of sudoriferous glands?
to excrete sweat to regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products
The levator palpebrae superioris and the levator anguli oris are muscles of the ____
face, nose, and mouth
Which innovation in beauty technology originated in the Victorian era?
the curling iron
The part of the skeletal system that connects the sternum and the scapula is the ______.
clavicle
What are the seven bones in the ankle area collectively called?
the tarsals
What happens during mitosis?
A cell reproduces by dividing into two identical cells.
Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body’s skin?
50 to 70 percent
What is the function of the cervical vertebrae?
to give support and structure to the neck
What is the name given to the chronic skin disease characterized by moderate to severe inflammation, scaling, and sometimes severe itching?
eczema
All of the following are recommended to help cosmetologists prevent contact dermatitis EXCEPT:
Sensitize the skin to the irritant by exposing it to larger and larger amounts.
Which of the body’s systems functions to remove waste material from the body cells to the blood?
lymphatic system
The middle part of the muscle is called the ______.
belly
Which of the following is part of the lymphatic system?
thymus gland
Which type of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to the muscles?
motor
The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the _____.
occipital
A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus is a _____.
papule
The division of the nervous system that controls voluntary muscle actions is the ______.
central nervous system
Inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called _____.
seborrheic dermatitis
The fibrous protein that gives skin its flexibility and helps skin regain its shape after being expanded is
elastin
The bone that is the larger of two leg bones below the knee and that supports most of the body’s weight is the ______.
tibia
Distinguish between the soleus and the tibialis anterior.
The soleus bends the foot down, and the tibialis anterior bends the foot up.
What is the function of sebaceous glands?
to secrete oil to lubricate the skin
In the Zhou dynasty of ancient China, commoners could be punished with death if caught using what cosmetic coloring technique?
tinting their nails gold or silver, which were the royal colors
During which austere and restrictive period in British history (1837 to 1901) did Queen Victoria reign?
Victorian Age
Which is a reasonable prediction of an outcome for a client who does not use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher?
Collagen and elastin fibers will weaken, and the client’s skin will age prematurely.
The glandlike structures in the immune system that filter bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells are called ________.
lymph nodes
Which type of skin cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 66 percent once the cancer reaches local lymph nodes?
malignant melanoma
A _____ is a small brown or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin.
skin tag
The responsibilities of a salon manager can vary from one salon to another, but the typical salon manager may be responsible for all of the following EXCEPT ________.
training stylists to use a company’s chemical-service products
Which type of tissue binds and supports other body tissue?
connective tissue
Which type of skin cancer is characterized by scaly red or pink papules or nodules?
squamous cell carcinoma
In 1906, Charles Nessler invented the first perm process that curled hair by ____________.
wrapping the hair around metal rods heated by electric current
The term cosmetology comes from the _____ word kosmetikos, meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics.
Greek
Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions are called _____
organs
Which muscles do people use when they straighten their wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line?
extensors
A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) _____.
tissue
In 1985, a hairdresser, _____, led by his passion for his craft and environment, revolutionized the beauty industry by inventing the world’s first ammonia-free haircolor.
Farouk Shami
Who was an early example of an entrepreneurial female beautician?
Martha Matilda Harper
A broad-spectrum sunscreen is one that _________
has been shown to protect against UVA and UVB radiation from the sun
Which layer of the epidermis forms unique fingerprints and footprints and is only located on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, and the digits?
stratum lucidum
_____, the child of former slaves, was a pioneer in the modern African American hair care and cosmetics industry
Sarah Breedlove
Choose the body system that functions to regulate the body’s temperature.
integumentary system
Which body system is comprised of the skin and its accessory organs?
integumentary system
What is a contagious, recurring viral infection characterized by fever blisters or cold sores?
herpes simplex I
Your license will unlock countless doors for employment. However, your career must be _____.
fueled with personal dedication and passion
Which two structures give the skin strength, form, and flexibility?
collagen and elastin
Why is it valuable for cosmetologists to understand the history of cosmetology?
Knowledge of history provides a deeper understanding of beauty trends and their origins.
What is one way that sun exposure negatively affects the skin?
The natural weakening of collagen and elastin fibers happens at a much faster rate.
What type of skin inflammation is caused by contact with certain ingredients or chemicals?
contact dermatitis
Wanda’s skin has recently been experiencing a significant amount of new wrinkles. What could explain these new wrinkles?
Wanda has recently been working at an outdoor job that requires frequent exposure to very cold temperatures, which weakens collagen fibers.
_____ is a common bacterial infection of the eye.
Conjunctivitis
After it was organized in the 1920s, the Associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of America (AMBBA) __________.
established the National Education Council and the Barber Code of Ethics
A cosmetologist is performing a foot massage during a pedicure service. On which muscles will the cosmetologist be directing pressure?
the flexor digitorum brevis and the flexor digiti minimi
Which Polish immigrant Americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles, where he began making and selling makeup?
Max Factor
What gives the body smoothness and contour while providing a protective cushion for the skin?
subcutaneous tissue
The main arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and face are the _____.
common carotid arteries
Cosmetologists may choose to specialize and work in a specific type of facility. Which facility would be least appropriate for a specialist?
massage clinic
A client has an appointment for a facial and asks whether to reschedule. There is a new lesion on the nostril in the same place where there previously was a lesion that lasted for 3 weeks. What is a likely explanation for this lesion?
It is a viral infection of herpes simplex 1, which often presents as a recurring vesicle on the lips, nostrils, or other part of the face.
What is impetigo?
a contagious bacterial skin infection usually caused by Staphylococcus bacteria and characterized by weeping lesions
Contrast the treatment you would recommend to a client for anhidrosis versus the treatment for bromhidrosis.
Anhidrosis can be life threatening and should be referred to a medical professional, whereas bromhidrosis only requires a medical referral in severe cases.
The basic units of all living things are ____
cells
Select the body system that includes the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands.
endocrine system
Which response describes a cause of wrinkles or sagging skin?
collagen fibers lose their strength due to exposure to UV light
What muscle action is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and controls body functions such as breathing and digestion?
involuntary muscles
Which example illustrates the skin’s heat regulation function?
Sudoriferous glands excrete perspiration.
Cosmetology is defined as ___________
the art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair, including the study of cosmetics and their application
How is anatomy different from physiology?