Hair Anatomy & Chemistry
What is the outermost layer of the hair shaft?
The cuticle
What is the angle at which the hair is held away from the head when cutting?
Elevation (or projection)
What is the main ingredient in permanent waving solutions?
Ammonium thioglycolate (or a derivative)
What is the visible part of the nail called?
Nail plate or nail body
What is the first step in any disinfecting procedure?
Cleaning (removing visible debris)
What gives hair its natural color?
Melanin
What is the purpose of thinning shears?
To remove bulk and create texture
What is the purpose of a patch test?
To test for allergic reactions
What is the half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail called?
Lunula
What is an EPA-registered disinfectant used for?
To kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi on non-porous surfaces
What is the pH scale used to measure?
Acidity and alkalinity
What is the term for combing the hair straight up and cutting it at a 90-degree angle?
Perpendicular distribution (or 90-degree elevation)
What is the process of lightening hair called?
Bleaching or decolorizing
What is the technical term for hangnails?
Agnail
What should you do if a client has a blood spill?
Follow proper blood spill procedures, including wearing gloves, disinfecting the area, and disposing of contaminated materials properly.
What are the two main types of melanin?
Eumelanin and Pheomelanin
Name a classic haircut that uses a 0-degree elevation.
Blunt cut/bob
What type of hair color deposits color only and does not lift existing color?
Demi-permanent or semi-permanent
What is the purpose of a base coat in a manicure?
To adhere polish to the nail plate and prevent staining
What is the purpose of a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
To provide information about the chemical composition, hazards, and safe handling procedures for products.
What is the process called when hair absorbs moisture from the air?
Hygroscopy
What is the technique used to create curls by wrapping the hair around a round brush and blow-drying?
Round brushing
What is the term for the chemical process that occurs when hair is permed or relaxed?
Reduction and oxidation (Redox)
What is the proper way to sanitize nail implements?
Washing with soap and water, then immersing in an EPA-registered disinfectant.
What are the three levels of decontamination?
Sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization.