Scientific Concepts
Answer
Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair to an alkaline state in order to _____.
a. expand and harden the shaft
b. harden and close the shaft
c. swell and set the shaft
d. soften and swell the shaft
d. soften and swell the shaft
Answer
Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called _____.
a. rearranging
b. normalization
c. reduction
d. alkaline
c. reduction
Answer
_____ waves are perms using an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so that there is very little odor associated with their use.
a. Ammonia-free
b. Endothermic
c. Exothermic
d. Acid-balanced
a. Ammonia-free
Answer
What is the most common type of perm rod?
a. Straight rods
b. Curved rods
c. Soft bender rods
d. Concave rods
d. Concave rods
Answer
_____ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.
a. Base placement
b. On-base placement
Answer
_____ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.
a. Base placement
b. On-base placement
c. Half off-base placement
d. Off-base placement
c. Half off-base placement
Answer
Which compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur?
a. Amino acids
b. Peptide bonds
c. Polypeptide chains
d. Keratin proteins
a. Amino acids
Answer
What are the most common reducing agents used in permanent waving?
a. Ammonia water
b. Hydrogen peroxide
c. Thioglycolic acids
d. Hydrogen acids
c. Thioglycolic acids
Answer
_____ waves are permanent solutions based on sulfites, considered very weak, and are usually marketed as body waves or alternative waves.
a. Endothermic
b. Exothermic
c. Ammonia-free
d. Low-pH
d. Low-pH
Answer
What perm rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?
a. Convex rods
b. Straight rods
c. Conventional rods
d. Spiral rods
b. Straight rods
Answer
The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as _____.
a. wrapping point
b. rod direction
c. diagonal technique
d. base direction
d. base direction
Answer
What are long, coiled polypeptide chains linked together end-to-end like beads?
a. Amino acids
b. Peptide bonds
c. Polypeptide chains
d. Keratin proteins
d. Keratin proteins
Answer
The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent waves is _____.
a. ammonium thioglycolate
b. hydrogen thioglycolate
c. alkaline acids
d. glyceryl monothioglycolate
a. ammonium thioglycolate
Answer
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first _____.
a. 5–10 minutes
b. 10–15 minutes
c. 15–20 minutes
d. hour
a. 5–10 minutes
Answer
What soft foam perm rods are usually about 12 inches (30.5 centimeters) long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?
a. Straight rods
b. Curved rods
c. Soft bender rods
d. Concave rods
c. Soft bender rods
Answer
In a _____, the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod.
a. spiral perm wrap
b. croqiognole perm wrap
c. basic permanent wrap
d. Curvature permanent wrap
a. spiral perm wrap
Answer
Hydrogen bonds are weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges and are easily broken by water or heat, but reform as the hair is _____.
a. stretched
b. dried
c. softened
d. styled
b. dried
Answer
What is the second factor in the overall strength of the waving solution?
a. Ammonium thioglycolate
b. Degree of alkalinity
c. Amount used
d. Length of the hair
b. Degree of alkalinity
Answer
Overprocessed hair that is further processed will become _____ and cause further damage, including breakage.
a. shorter
b. straighter
c. curlier
d. tinted
b. straighter
Answer
In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsections called _____.
a. rod sections
b. base sections
c. outer sections
d. placements
b. base sections
Answer
The _____, also known as straight set wrap, is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases.
a. basic permanent wrap
b. curvature permanent wrap
c. spiral perm wrap
d. weave technique
a. basic permanent wrap
Answer
_____ is a two-step process in which the hair first undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer.
a. Cascade curling
b. Chemical texture service
c. Permanent waving
d. Temporary waving
c. Permanent waving
Answer
Alkaline waves, also known as _____, were developed in 1941.
a. weak waves
b. strong waves
c. cold waves
d. hot waves
c. cold waves
Answer
What is the most common neutralizer?
a. Sodium chloride
b. Chlorine
c. Hydrogen peroxide
d. Oxygen
c. Hydrogen peroxide
Answer
Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid additional _____.
a. sectioning of hair
b. stress and tension on hair
c. increased volume
d. curl patterns
b. stress and tension on hair
Answer
Hair that has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer is unfit for _____ and will not hold a curl.
a. color services
b. a haircut
c. permanent waving
d. wig fitting
c. permanent waving