Infection Control & Safety Practices
List the four types of microorganisms that are pertinent to cosmetology.
The four types of microorganisms important to cosmetologists are: (1) bacteria, (2) viruses, (3) fungi, and (4) parasites.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 75 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
Why is the study of anatomy and physiology important to cosmetologists?
An overview of human anatomy and physiology is important to cosmetologists because it will enable you to:
• Understand how the human body functions as an integrated whole.
• Recognize changes from what is considered normal for the body.
• Understand the scientific basis for the proper application of services and products such as scalp manipulations and facials.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 114 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the science that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 254 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
What is the primary purpose of regulatory agencies?
Federal agencies regulate the practice of cosmetology by setting guidelines for the manufacturing, sale, and use of equipment and chemical ingredients, and for safety in the workplace. State agencies regulate licensing and enforcement; protect the health, safety, and welfare of the consumer; and guide your conduct when working in a salon.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 71 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
Describe the most common types of hair loss
Androgenic alopecia, Alopecia areata & Postpartum alopecia
What is a contagious disease?
A contagious disease (also known as a communicable disease) is a disease that is spread from one person to another. Contact, contaminated implements and tools, and uncovered coughing or sneezing will spread disease.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 80 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
Define anatomy and physiology.
The definitions of anatomy and physiology are:
• Anatomy: The study of structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized. It is the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts. • Physiology: The study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 115 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
What is the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry?
Organic chemistry is the study of substances that contain the element carbon. Inorganic chemistry is the study of substances that do not contain carbon but may contain hydrogen.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 255 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
What is an SDS? Where can you get these?
An SDS, or Safety Data Sheet, is required by law for all products sold. SDS sheets include safety information about products compiled by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, proper disposal guidelines, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and so on. Federal law requires nail salons to obtain SDSs from the product manufacturer or distributor, or to download them from the manufacturer’s or distributor’s website.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 72 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
If a client comes in with a nail disease or infection, what should you do?
Advise the client to seek medical advice. Do not treat or diagnose any nail condition or disease that shows signs of infection or inflammation.
Is HIV a risk in the salon? Why, or why not?
HIV can be a risk in the salon if you accidentally cut a client who is HIV-positive and you continue to use the implement without cleaning and then disinfecting it. You risk puncturing your own skin or cutting another client with a contaminated tool.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 82 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
What are organs?
Organs are structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 117 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
What is an element?
An element is the simplest form of chemical matter. It cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of its identity.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 255 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
What are Standard Precautions?
Standard Precautions are guidelines published by CDC that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids carry infections for blood-borne pathogens. Precautions include hand washing, wearing gloves, and proper handling and disposal of sharp instruments and items that have been contaminated by blood or other body fluids. It is important that specific procedures are followed if blood or body fluid is present.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 94 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
What is meant by “scope of practice”?
Scope of practice specifically lists what each license allows the holder to do in each state.
What is the difference between cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing?
Cleaning is the mechanical (scrubbing) process of removing all visible dirt and debris by washing with soap and water or detergent and water. Disinfecting is the chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms (except bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces. Sterilizing is the process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on pages 76 and 84 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
List the primary functions of the skeletal system.
The skeletal system gives shape and support to the body; protects various internal structures and organs; serves as attachments for muscles and acts as levers to produce body movements; helps produce both white and red blood cells (one of the functions of bone marrow); and stores most of the body’s calcium supply as well as phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 119 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
Name and describe the three states of matter.
Solids: They are rigid and have a fixed shape and volume.
Liquids: They have a definite volume but take the shape of their containers.
Gases: They do not have a fixed volume or shape; they take the shape and volume of their containers.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 257 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
The OSHA Act of 1970 established the Hazard Communication Rule, which required that chemical manufacturers publish , which has since been replaced by a new format.
Material Safety Data Sheets
What is the difference between a depilatory and an epilator?
A depilatory is a caustic alkali preparation that temporarily dissolves superfluous hair on the skins surface. An epilator removes the hair from the follicle’s base.
What is an exposure incident?
An exposure incident (previously called blood spill) is contact with non-intact skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that results from the performance of an employee’s duties.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on page 95 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
Blood is approximately percent water.
80%
Define pH and the pH scale.
pH is the abbreviation used for potential hydrogen.
The pH scale measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance. It has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution and a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution.
Note: The answer to this question can be found on pages 264–265 of Milady Standard Cosmetology.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers many different types of
Disinfectants
List the four types of chemical texture services performed in a salon setting.
Chemical relaxers, keratin smoothing treatments, permanent waving & soft curl permanents