Theorist 1
Psychoanalytic therapy
Sigmund Freud (Freudian)
Behavior Therapy
B.F Skinner
Human beings are basically determined by psychic energy and by early experiences. Unconscious motives and conflicts are central in present behavior.
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Individuals tend to incorporate faulty thinking, which leads to emotional and behavioral disturbances. Cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Fostering the right to control the direction of one’s life
Autonomy
Adlerian Therapy
Alfred Adler
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Aaron Beck
The central focus is on the nature of the human condition, which includes a capacity for self-awareness, freedom of choice to decide one’s fate, responsibility, anxiety, the search for meaning, being alone and being in relation with others, striving for authenticity, and facing living and dying
Existential Therapy
Clients are connected to a living system; a change in one part of the system will result in a change in other parts. The family provides the context for understanding how individuals function in relationship to others and how they behave.
Family Systems Therapy
Working for the good of the individual and society by promoting mental health and well-being
Beneficence
Existential Therapy
Victor Frankl, Rollo May, Irvin Yalom
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Albert Ellis
Positive view of people. In the context of the therapeutic relationship, the client experiences feelings that were previously denied to awareness. The client moves toward increased awareness, spontaneity, trust in self, and inner-directedness.
Person-centered therapy
Being gender fair, flexible, interactionist, and life-span-oriented. Gender and power are at the heart of feminist therapy. Tis is a systems approach that recognizes the cultural, social, and political factors that contribute to an individual’s problems.
Feminist therapy
Treating individuals equitably and fostering fairness and equality
Justice
Person-Centered Therapy
Choice Therapy
William Glasser, Robert Wubbolding
Humans are motivated by social interest, by striving toward goals, by inferiority and superiority, and by dealing with the tasks of life. Emphasis is on the individual’s positive capacities to live in society cooperatively.
Adlerian therapy
The person strives for wholeness and integration of thinking, feeling, and behaving. Some key concepts include contact with self and others, contact boundaries, and awareness. It is grounded in the here and now and emphasizes awareness, personal choice, and responsibility
Gestalt therapy
Avoiding actions that cause harm
Nonmaleficence
Gestalt Therapy
Fritz Perls
Family Systems Therapy
Murray Bowen, Virginia Satir
This approach assumes that we need quality relationships to be happy. Psychological problems are the result of our resisting control by others or of our attempt to control others.
Choice theory/ Reality therapy
Based on the premise that there are multiple realities and multiple truths. Approaches avoid pathologizing clients, take a dim view of diagnosis, avoid searching for underlying causes of problems, and place a high value on discovering clients’ strengths and resources
Postmodern Approaches
Honoring commitments and keeping promises, including fulfilling one’s responsibilities of trust in professional relationships
Fidelity