Modal Verbs
Choose a modal to complete the sentence: "We ___ recycle more to protect the planet."
could, should, must
Complete the sentence: “If people don’t recycle, there ___ more waste.” (is/was)
Complete: “If it rains tomorrow, we ___ (not go) to the beach.”
“If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the beach.”
What is the word for harmful gases in the air?
Air pollution
What is one cause of deforestation?
Cause of deforestation: logging (the activity of cutting down trees in order to use their wood ), agriculture, or urban expansion.
What’s the difference between “must” and “should”?
“Must” is stronger than “should.” Must implies a requirement, while should is a suggestion or advice.
What is the structure of the zero conditional? Give an example
Structure: If + present simple, present simple (e.g., "If we cut down trees, animals lose their homes").
Create a first conditional sentence about saving energy.
“If we use solar panels, we will save energy.”
Define "recycling."
Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into reusable items.
Complete with a cause expression: "___ we use too much plastic, there’s more waste.”
Because we use too much plastic, there’s more waste.
Create a sentence about reducing plastic using “have to.”
Sample Answer: “We have to reduce plastic usage if we want cleaner oceans.”
Create a zero conditional sentence about air pollution.
“If cars produce emissions, air quality declines.”
Explain what we use the first conditional for.
The first conditional is used to talk about possible future events or actions and their likely outcomes.
Give a synonym for “conservation.”
Preservation
Create a consequence sentence using “so”: “We cut down trees, so…”
We cut down trees, so there is less oxygen in the air.”
Explain why you would use "can" or "cannot" when talking about pollution.
Can indicates ability or permission (e.g., "We can reduce pollution by recycling"), while cannot expresses restriction (e.g., "Factories cannot pollute without facing fines").
What do we use the zero conditional for?
Scientific facts, always get the same result
What’s the difference between the zero and first conditional?
Zero conditional is for facts/general truths (e.g., "If you heat ice, it melts"), while first conditional refers to real, specific future possibilities (e.g., "If it rains, we’ll stay inside").
Name three types of pollution.
Air, water, plastic
What is a consequence of climate change on sea levels?
Consequence: “Climate change causes sea levels to rise, which can lead to coastal flooding.”
Give an example using “might” and “must” to discuss animal conservation.
We might save endangered species if we protect their habitats, but we must act soon.”
If forests ___ down, animals ___ their homes.” (cut/lose)
If forests are cut down, animals lose their homes.
“If factories ___ (reduce) pollution, we ___ (have) cleaner air.”
“If factories reduce pollution, we will have cleaner air.”
Explain what “sustainable” means.
Sustainable means something that can be maintained or continued without depleting resources or causing severe ecological damage.
Use “because of” in a sentence about animal extinction.
Because of habitat destruction, many species face extinction.