Concepts in Development
This term refers to organizing knowledge into cognitive structures used to interpret experience.
What are schemas?
This theorist believes children learn from each other every day.
Who is Vygotksy?
In this stage, children understand the world primarily through sensory action.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
This is the distance between what a child can do independently and what they can do with guidance.
What is the zone of proximal development or ZPD?
The COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted child development, is an example of this system.
What is the chronosystem?
This process involves bringing new information into an existing cognitive structure without changing the structure.
What is assimilation?
This earliest thinker believed children were born as a "tabula rasa."
Who is Locke?
This thinking error causes children to focus on one aspect of a problem while ignoring others.
What is centration?
Children's crib talk is an example of this concept, according to Vygotsky.
What is private speech?
This system captures connections between two immediate settings, such as home and school.
What is the mesosystem?
This type of study follows the same children over an extended period of time.
What is a longitudinal study?
This theorist's work shaped the development of the Head Start Program.
Who is Bronfenbrenner?
Piaget used this task to measure whether a child could understand that quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance.
What is the conservation task?
This term refers to the support offered to help a child accomplish a task just within their current ability.
What is scaffolding?
This model, central to Bronfenbrenner's ecological approach, emphasizes the dynamic interactions among the individual, their environment, and the influence of time on development.
What is the process-person-context-time model?
This approach to observation captures events in sequence: antecedent, behaviour, and consequence.
What is the ABC method?
This researcher conducted clinical interviews with children to gain insight into how they think.
Who is Piaget?
A child believes that wearing lucky socks causes their team to win because both happened on the same day.
What is transductive reasoning?
According to Vygotsky, learning occurs in two stages. These are the two levels of learning.
What are the social level and the individual level?
During the late 20th century, Romanian orphanages gained attention for severe neglect, understaffing, and a lack of individualized care. Children often experienced minimal social interaction, limited sensory stimulation, and inconsistent caregiving. Research on these children revealed long-term consequences for development, including developmental delays, disabilities, attachment difficulties, and impaired executive functioning. Many children also exhibited heightened stress responses and struggled to form trusting relationships. The two levels of systems in Bronfenbrenner's theory were involved.
What are the exosystem and macrosystem?
This concept describes the predictable and orderly qualitative and quantitative changes that occur across childhood.
What is development?
This theorist proposed that learning appears twice: socially and then individually.
Who is Vygotsky?
Piaget argued that this internal drive pushes children to resolve discrepancies between new and existing knowledge.
What is equilibrium or equilibration?
These three names shaped the theoretical context that Vygotsky studied and directly responded to in developing his sociocultural theory.
Who are Freud, Piaget, and Montessori?
Bronfenbrenner's idea was influenced by this other theorist.
Who is Vygotsky?