Court Basics
This term means applying to a higher court to dispute a lower court's decision.
Appeal
A sworn group of people gathered to decide an impartial verdict of guilt or innocence.
Jury
A facility for lawfully confining people awaiting trial or serving time for misdemeanor offenses.
Jail
The action of bringing a person to trial to determine criminal guilt is called this.
Prosecute
A writ ordering a person to attend a court.
Subpoena
This descriptor distinguishes a legal matter that is between private citizens rather than the government; often resolved by damages or injunctions.
Civil
A peace officer with limited policing authority; often serves legal documents and may perform limited enforcement duties.
Constable
A facility for people convicted of serious crimes, typically administered by state or federal authorities.
Prison
The specific burden of proof named in the materials that applies in civil trials.
Preponderance of evidence
An order or writ ordering a person to appear before a judge or magistrate.
Summons
The opposite system from civil law here; this system focuses on offenses against the state and punishment such as detention.
Criminal
The party (often the government) who brings and conducts criminal charges against an accused person in court.
Prosecutor
The place where a person may be held while awaiting trial for felony charges if not eligible for bail
Jail (used for pretrial detention; prisons are for convicted serious offenders)
The legal authority a court has to hear a case within a geographic area or over certain types of cases is called this.
Jurisdiction
Any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes.
Tribunal
A civil action seeking compensation for a wrong committed against a party, typically financial in nature.
Tort
A plea a defendant enters when they do not contest charges or a jury finds the defendant committed the crime.
Guilty
The type of facility (from the materials) usually used for short-term detention; name one key difference between it and a prison.
Jail
When the prosecution conducts a criminal case, this role represents the state; name one duty of that role taken from the materials.
The prosecutor holds trial against the accused to determine guilt (prosecute) — duties include presenting evidence and arguing the state's case
Officer Presence, Verbal Commands, Empty Hand Control, Less Lethal and Lethal
When a party asks a higher court to review a lower court decision, what standard of relief might they request that could reverse or modify the decision?
Reversal or remand
The legal requirement in civil trials where the plaintiff must show that it is more likely than not that the claim is true; expressed as a percentage in these materials.
Preponderance of evidence
The kind of legal proceeding or finding that typically results in someone being sentenced to serve time in a prison rather than jail.
Conviction at trial (guilty verdict) leading to sentencing to prison
Distinguish between the outcomes "guilty" and "preponderance of evidence" in terms of the types of cases and consequences each term is associated with, using the provided definitions.
"Guilty" is a criminal finding/plea leading to punishment such as detention; "preponderance of evidence" is the civil burden of proof (more than 50%) used to determine liability, typically resulting in financial remedies like damages or injunctions.
List the 5 Culpable Mental States
Intent, Pre-meditation, Knowingly, Recklessly and Criminal Negligence