Waves
What is the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?
Transverse waves move perpendicular to the direction of the wave (e.g., light), while longitudinal waves move parallel to the wave direction (e.g., sound).
What are the three main states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What are the two main types of energy?
Potential energy and kinetic energy.
What is Newton’s First Law also known as?
The law of inertia.
What is a circuit?
A complete path through which electric current flows.
What are the main parts of a wave?
Crest, trough, wavelength, amplitude, and frequency.
What happens to particles when a solid melts into a liquid?
The particles gain energy, move faster, and slide past each other.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
What does Newton’s Second Law state?
Force = Mass × Acceleration (F = ma).
What is the function of a resistor in a circuit?
It limits the flow of electric current.
What is frequency measured in?
Hertz (Hz).
Which state of matter has the most energy?
Gas
What kind of energy does a moving car have?
Kinetic energy.
Give an example of Newton’s Third Law.
When you push on a wall, the wall pushes back with equal force.
What happens in an open circuit?
The current cannot flow because the path is broken.
How does wave speed relate to frequency and wavelength?
Wave speed = Frequency × Wavelength.
What is condensation?
The process where a gas turns into a liquid.
What is thermal energy?
Energy related to the temperature of an object.
What happens to an object if no net force is acting on it?
It remains at rest or moves in a straight line at constant speed.
What provides the energy in a circuit?
A power source, like a battery.
What type of wave is a sound wave?
Longitudinal wave.
What state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Solid.
What type of energy is stored in food?
Chemical energy.
What is inertia?
The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion.
What unit is electric current measured in?
Amperes (Amps).