LEGAL PRINCIPLES
Every accused person is considered innocent until evidence proves guilt beyond reasonable doubt
Presumption of Innocence
Judges oversee courtroom proceedings to ensure trials are fair and follow legal processes.
Courtroom Oversight
Ignoring a subpoena can lead to contempt charges, fines, or imprisonment by the court.
Consequences of Non-compliance
This counsel represent the government and ensure justice is served in criminal cases.
Crown Counsel
The individual charged with a crime and is entitled to a fair trial under the law.
Role of the Accused
The prosecution carries the responsibility to prove the accused's guilt, not the other way around.
Burden of Proof
Judges interpret laws and rule on evidence admissibility during trials for proper legal conduct.
Legal Interpretation and Evidence
Witnesses must swear to tell the truth; false statements amount to perjury.
Truthfulness and Perjury AND punishable by law
Prosecutors must prioritize fairness and truth to uphold justice and prevent wrongful convictions.
Pursuit of Justice
Legal representation is strongly recommended due to the complexity of law, though self-representation is a choice.
Right to Legal Representation
Trials are conducted impartially to protect the rights of the accused and ensure fairness.
FairTrial Process
In jury trials, judges instruct jurors on law; in non-jury trials, they decide verdict and sentence.
Role in Jury and Non-Jury Trials
Knowingly making a false statement under oath during legal proceedings, compromising judicial integrity.
Perjury
This type of evidence includes weapons, fingerprints, and other tangible items presented during trials by the prosecution.
Physical Evidence
The defense challenges evidence, presents arguments, and aims to create reasonable doubt for acquittal.
Responsibilities of the Defence counsel
Beyond a reasonable doubt requires evidence so convincing that no logical alternative exists about guilt.
Definition of Standard
Judges must be impartial, upholding legal standards to ensure justice is served fairly.
Impartiality and Justice
A Canadian criminal law, 12 citizens selected by Crown and defence counsel to ensure fairness.
Jury Composition
Physical evidence is critical for establishing facts and linking suspects to crimes in legal proceedings.
Importance in Trials
Provides free legal assistance during initial court appearances and police interrogations to protect rights.
Duty Counsel
The standard minimizes convicting innocent people by requiring near absolute certainty of guilt.
Protection of Innocent
The judge acts as the trier of law, interpreting and explaining legal principles to the jury.
Role of the Judge
The verdict must be based on evidence beyond a reasonable doubt, ensuring justice and fairness.
Decision Standard
Crown counsel prioritize fairness and truth over winning the case, upholding justice integrity.
Focus on Fairness
Duty counsel’s services are essential for safeguarding rights and preventing unjust legal outcomes.
Protecting Constitutional Rights