VOCAB
Covalent Bond
Bond formed by sharing valence electrons
xothermic Reaction
Reaction releasing more energy than required.
Hybridization
Mixing atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals
Trigonal Bipyramidal Shape
Five bonding pairs around central atom.
Properties of Covalent Compounds
Low melting points and poor electrical conductivity.
Lewis Structure
Model showing electron arrangement in molecules.
Oxyacid
Acid containing hydrogen and an oxyanion
Polar Covalent Bond
Bond with unequal sharing of electrons.
Octahedral Shape
Six bonding pairs around central atom.
VSEPR Model
Predicts molecular shapes based on electron pairs.
Sigma Bond
Single bond from direct overlap of orbitals.
Structural Formula
Model showing relative positions of atoms.
Tetrahedral Shape
Four bonding pairs around central atom.
Linear Shape
Two bonding pairs with 180° bond angle
Bond Angles
Angles between bonded atoms in a molecule.
Pi Bond
Bond formed by parallel orbital overlap
Resonance
Condition with multiple valid Lewis structures.
Trigonal Pyramidal Shape
Three bonding pairs and one lone pair.
Trigonal Planar Shape
Three bonding pairs with 120° bond angles.
What is the difference between sigma and pi bond?
Sigma bonds are formed by direct head-to-head overlap between orbitals while pi bonds are formed by side-to-side overlap, usually between p orbitals
Endothermic Reaction
Reaction requiring more energy to break bonds.
Coordinate Covalent Bond
Bond where one atom donates both electrons.
Bent Shape
Two bonding pairs and lone pairs present.
Exceptions to Octet Rule
Atoms with fewer or more than eight electrons.
Who is the best Chemistry Teacher?
Mrs. B