The reactant or reactants in a chemical reaction involving enzymes.
substrates
100
Water is an example of a _________ molecule with the oxygen being slight _________ and the hydrogens being slightly ______________.
Polar ... negative ... positive.
100
Consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol
What is a triglyceride (fat)?
100
The reverse of dehydration synthesis
What is hydrolysis?
100
The monomer that makes up a triglyceride.
What is a fatty acid?
200
Explain what scientists mean when they say enzyme and substrate bonding is like a "lock and a key?
The shape of the active site on an enzyme will only allow specific substates in.
200
In the chemical reaction below, the water formed is an example of this...
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O,
What is a product?
200
Animals can not digest this polysaccharide without the help of symbiotic microorganisms.
What is cellulose?
200
The result of two monosaccharides being joined through dehydration synthesis. Sucrose is an example of this.
What is a disaccharide?
200
Enzymes are a type of ___________ therefore the monomers that make them up are different ______________.
Protein....... amino acids
300
This term describes when external factors such as temperature and pH cause a protein to loose it's shape and therefore it can no longer perform it's function.
Denaturation
300
Weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form "bonds" or attractions between molecules.
What is a Hydrogen Bond?
300
nucleotide is to DNA as __________ is to Protein.
What is an Amino Acid?
300
These speed up a the rate of a chemical reaction in the body by lowering the activation energy needed.
What is an enzyme?
300
A solution with a pH of 8
weak base
400
Enzymes lower this energy needed to begin a reaction causing the reaction to occur more easily.
Activation Energy
400
Water molecules sticking to other water molecules is called ____________, while water molecules sticking to other things like glass is called ___________.
What is Cohesion...Adhesion?
400
Composed of a phosphate group, deoxyribose, and a nitrogenous base.
What is a DNA nucleotide?
400
The lipid responsible for keeping large molecules out of the cell. It makes up the cell membrane.
What is a phospholipid?
400
This is the name for where substrates bind to an enzyme
active site
500
In one specific reaction, the enzyme __________ will break sucrose down into _______ and _______.
Sucrase.... Glucose & Fructose.
500
List 3 properties that are the result of hydrogen bonding between water molecules?
What are surface tension, heat capacity, and cohesion?
500
This is the process that makes a polypeptide from amino acids
What is dehydration synthesis?
500
In order to synthesize a starch polysaccharide that is 1000 glucose monosaccharides long, this many water molecules must be removed.
What is 999?
500
When proteins denature it's because these bonds that hold the protein shape together begin to break. (hint. same type of bond that causes cohesion)