Vocabulary
This word, meaning "rebirth," started around 1300 and focused on the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome.
What is the RENAISSANCE.
This German inventor is credited with innovating a Chinese invention and making it more efficient, compact, and durable.
Who is JOHANNES GUTENBERG.
This term describes the certificates sold by the Church to forgive sins, which Martin Luther protested against.
What are INDULGENCES.
This practice is when wealthy people, families, or groups financially support artists, writers, and thinkers.
What is PATRONAGE.
In addition to its history, Italy's location made it a major hub for this, which brought wealth to the city-states like Florence and Venice.
What is TRADE / COMMERCE.
This term describes the ideal person from the era: one who is skilled and knowledgeable in many different fields, such as Leonardo da Vinci.
Who is a RENAISSANCE MAN.
This wealthy family in Florence controlled banking and were famous patrons of the arts.
Who were the MEDICIs.
The printing press led to a significant increase in this ability among the general population of Europe, helping to spread humanist ideas.
What is LITERACY.
Along with Da Vinci, this artist is an example of a master of the Italian Renaissance.
Who is MICHELANGELO or RAPHAEL.
A way of thinking that focused on human potential and achievements instead of religious matters.
What is HUMANISM.
This is the practice of buying and selling Church offices or jobs, a major criticism of the Church.
What is SIMONY.
He was the Spanish founder of the Jesuits (the Society of Jesus), a Catholic order focused on education and founded in response to the Protestant Reformation.
Who was IGNATIUS of LOYOLA.
This epidemic caused destruction across Europe, but because of it the Church was greatly weakened and Europeans took on a "carpe diem" attitude towards life.
What is the BLACK DEATH.
Along with Albrecht Durer, this northern Renaissance figure was famous for his plays and dramas written in English.
Who is WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE.
This event started in Germany in 1517 when Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses.
What is the PROTESTANT REFORMATION.
This meeting's main goals were to clarify Catholic doctrine and reform internal abuses of the Church in response to the Protestant Reformation.
What is the COUNCIL of TRENT.
This man started a new church in England, primarily because the pope refused to give him an annulment (divorce) of his marriage to a Catholic princess.
Who is HENRY VIII.
The Church had seemingly complete control over this until the printing press helped spread Martin Luther's message.
What is ENTRY to HEAVEN (SALVATION).
The Renaissance artistic focus in Italy shifted from flat and symbolic and instead to this study of the human body to achieve realistic paintings.
What is ANATOMY (or REALISM).
The strong use of religious belief led to this mistreatment of people by both Catholics and Protestants, such as Jewish ghettoization and witch hunts.
What is PERSECUTION.
The eventual fragmentation or division of the Catholic Church after the Protestant Reformation into many groups, known as these:
What are SECTS.
This powerful Roman family gained power through the Catholic Church and supported the arts, and are often compared to their Florentine rivals.
Who are the BORGIA.
This was a common trait among clergy in the Middle Ages where they would hold multiple jobs and neglect their local parishes (church districts).
What is ABSENTEEISM.
These were the goals for Northern figures like Dürer and Shakespeare in their art.
What is REFORM (of society or religion).
This Catholic run court system was famous for its torturous methods to extract confessions from people deemed "heretics" or people who spoke badly of the Church.
What is the INQUISITION.