Early Civilization
In the absence of money, people engaged in this direct exchange of goods and services.
Barter
The capital city of the Assyrian Empire, known for its impressive walls and library.
Nineveh
This network of ancient Persian facilitated communication and trade across the vast empire.
The Royal Roads
This legendary conflict, fought over the beautiful Helen, is chronicled in Homer's Iliad.
The Trojan War
The mythological founder of Rome. Spent some time on a queen's couch.
Aeneas
This towering structure served as a religious temple and administrative center in ancient Mesopotamia.
Ziggurat
This Assyrian king is known for his military campaigns, including the siege of Jerusalem in 701 BCE.
Sennacherib
In the Persian Empire, this official governed a province and collected taxes on behalf of the king.
Satraps
In ancient Greece, this form of government was characterized by rule by a privileged, noble class.
Aristocracy
The common people of ancient Rome, often with fewer privileges than the wealthier class.
Plebian
This region, known for its rich soil, from snow capped mountains in Anatolia to the Persian Gulf is often considered the "cradle of civilization.
Fertile Crescent
This Assyrian king is famous for collecting a vast library of cuneiform tablets in Nineveh.
Ashurbanipal
This elite group of Persian soldiers served as the personal bodyguard of the Persian king.
10,000 Immortals
The fundamental political unit in ancient Greece.
Polis
In the Roman Republic, this advisory and legislative body played a crucial role in decision-making.
Senate
This historical period is characterized by the widespread use of bronze tools and weapons.
The Bronze Age
These ancient peoples played a role in the fall of the Assyrian Empire.
Medes and/or Chaldeans
This founder of the Persian Empire is known for his benevolent treatment of conquered peoples.
Cyrus the Great
In ancient Greece, this term referred to a ruler who gained power through unconventional means, often with popular support.
Tyrant
In times of crisis, the Roman Republic appointed a leader with absolute power for a limited period of 6 months.
Dictator
This early form of writing was used by the Sumerians and involved wedge-shaped symbols on clay tablets.
Cuneiform
This ancient wonder is said to have been built by Nebuchadnezzar for his homesick wife.
The Hanging Gardens
The founder of the Persian religion, this prophet emphasized the battle between good and evil.
Zoroaster
The term for the love of wisdom, it encompasses the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and morality.
Philosophy
This Carthaginian general famously crossed the Alps during the Second Punic War and nearly defeated Rome.
Hannibal