Parties/Party Systems
Most European countries are _____ party systems
Multi
When subnational units have an unequal relationship to the center
Asymmetric federalism
In this electoral system, after a threshold is hit, all candidates move onto the next round
Two-round threshold runoff
Robert Putnam
True or false: In an IRV system, candidates can lose with over 50% of the vote
False
Daniel Posner
This type of federalism represents deals struck between groups in order to mitigate tensions between different groups
Holding together federalism
This refers to how many people in each district you are electing
District Magnitude
What two components make up the Regional Authority Index
Shared rule and self rule
Who is most associated with cultural backlash theory?
Norris and Inglehart
Party systems are thought of along two dimensions. What are they?
Number and ideological distance
In this type of federalism, the federal structure is enshrined in the Constitution/founding document
De Jure federalism
In this electoral system - also called parallel or independent - two elections happen alongside each other: a majoritarian and closed-list PR
Mixed Member Majoritarian
These two argued for the credible commitment theory of democratic origins
North and Weingast
Who suggested class-based reasons as to why democracy breaks down?
Karl Marx
The cleavage considered to be most important in Europe is ___
Class-based
Brexit was what type of referendum?
Consultative
In this electoral system, a proportional "corrective" is added in to mitigate the lack of representativeness of majoritarianism
Mixed Member Proportional
Robert Dahl's conception of democracy called it ____ instead
Polyarchy
This term refers to an actor whose approval is needed to change the status quo
Name a party family
Social Democrats, Christian Democrats, etc.
This is what subnational units are called in Switzerland
Cantons
Block voting
This person wrote the book Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy
Daniel Ziblatt
These models of party competition consider non-political characteristics - such as leadership ability and competence
Valence