CPR 1
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
You find someone lying on the floor. What should you do first before approaching them?
Check the scene for safety/look for hazards
What does AED stand for?
Automated external defibrillator
Before approaching an injured person, what is the first thing you should check?
Scene safety. Make sure there are no dangers to you, the person, or bystanders
What is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction?
Using the person's prescribed Epi-pen auto-injector
Name two signs that someone may be experiencing cardiac arrest.
Unresponsiveness and not breathing normally (or only gasping)
What is the recommended compression rate for adult, child, and infant CPR?
100–120 compressions per minute
Where do the two AED pads usually go on an adult's bare chest?
One on the upper right chest, below the collarbone - the other on the lower left side of the chest, below the armpit.
What does PPE stand for, and give two examples used during first aid.
Personal protective equipment - examples include disposable gloves, face shield/mask, goggles, etc.
When using a tourniquet for life-threatening bleeding from an arm or leg, should you periodically loosen it?
No. Tighten it until the bleeding stops, and do not loosen or remove it.
What is the difference between a heart attack and cardiac arrest?
A heart attack is a circulation problem caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops pumping blood effectively.
How many chest compressions should you give before providing two rescue breaths during conventional CPR with one rescuer?
30 compressions
The AED says, “Analyzing heart rhythm.” What must everyone do?
Stop touching the person and ensure nobody is in contact with them so the AED can analyze safely.
A choking person can still cough forcefully and speak. What should you encourage them to do?
Keep coughing while you monitor them closely
Name two signs of a severe asthma attack and one action you should take to help.
Possible signs include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, or difficulty speaking. Help the person sit upright and use their prescribed quick-relief inhaler according to their asthma action plan
What is chest recoil, and why is it important?
Chest recoil means allowing the chest to return to its normal position after every compression. It allows the heart to refill with blood.
How deep should you compress an adult's chest, and what is the maximum recommended depth you should avoid exceeding?
At least 2 inches (5 cm), while avoiding depths greater than 2.4 inches (6 cm)
The AED delivers a shock. What should you do immediately afterward?
Immediately resume CPR, beginning with chest compressions, and follow the AED prompts
What two actions should you use for severe choking in a conscious adult or child
5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts, repeated until the object comes out or the person becomes unresponsive
A person who was choking becomes unresponsive. What should you do next, and what must you avoid when checking the airway?
Carefully lower the person to a firm surface, call 911, and begin CPR starting with chest compressions. Look for a visible object when opening the airway, and never perform a blind finger sweep.
You find an unresponsive person who is only gasping occasionally. A classmate says, “They're still breathing, so we should wait.” What should you do, and why?
Begin emergency response and CPR promptly, activate EMS by calling 911, and get an AED. Gasping is not normal breathing and may indicate cardiac arrest.
During CPR, one rescuer is helping a child and another trained healthcare rescuer joins in. What compression-to-breath ratio should they use for conventional two-rescuer CPR?
15 compressions to 2 breaths
You are using an AED on a person whose chest is wet. What should you do, and what if the AED says, “No shock advised”?
Move the person away from standing water if necessary, quickly dry the chest where the pads will go, and attach the pads. If no shock is advised, immediately resume CPR and follow the AED prompts. “No shock advised” does not mean the person is okay.
A person has severe bleeding from an arm wound. Direct pressure isn't stopping it. What are your next steps?
Call 911 or have someone call, continue firm direct pressure, pack the wound if able, and/or use a commercial tourniquet for life-threatening bleeding from an arm or leg if trained or following dispatcher guidance.
Someone has severe bleeding from their leg. You have gloves, gauze, and a commercial tourniquet, and you are trained to use it. Describe the key steps you should take.
Call 911 or have someone call, put on gloves if available, apply firm direct pressure, and apply the tourniquet above the wound (not over a joint). Tighten it until bleeding stops, record the application time if possible, and do not loosen it.