ABC's
how to open an Airway
tilt head, lift chin
Rescue Breathing
an emergency technique in which a rescuer gives air to someone who is not breathing. To perform this, a person blows air into a victim's lungs to give him/her oxygen
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
life saving technique that combines rescue breathing and chest compressions
defibrillation
shocking the heart back into beating again by delivering an electric current to the heart which will, in turn, return the heart to a regular rhythm
contusions
simplest closed wound, also known as a bruise. They are caused when the body is subjected to a force
signs of life
movement or breathing
How to give breaths to an adult
1. tilt head, lift chin, pinch the nose shut
2. take a breath and make a complete seal over the person's mouth
3. blow in to make chest clearly rise (1 second)
4. Begin CPR/administer AED if breaths go in OR assume unconscious choking if breaths do NOT go in
compressions
techniques that allow the rescuer to artificially pump the heart, delivering blood to the body and bringing oxygen to the lungs
survival rate with AED
30% or higher, according to the American Red Cross, if used within minutes after cardiac arrest
abrasions
most common type of open wound which is characterized by skin that has been rubbed or scraped away
how to check breathing
look for movement of the chest, listen and feel for air movement by placing your ear and then your cheek at the mouth and nose of the victim
Steps to check an injured child or infant
1. check scene, then check child
2. obtain consent from parent/guardian if present
3. Tap on shoulder and shout, "Are you okay?"
4. No response, call 911 or if alone, give 2 minutes of care then call 911
5. Open airway, check for signs of life for no more than 10 seconds
6. give 2 rescue breaths if not breathing
7. If breaths go in, check for pulse and severe bleeding. If breaths do NOT go in, begin rescue breathing. No pulse, begin CPR/AED
8. If breathing, place in recovery position and monitor ABCs
heart attack
when an area of the heart muscle suffers damage and loses function due to lack of oxygen. The heart stops beating
wound
a break or tear in the soft tissue of the body
lacerations
a cut with either jagged or smooth edges, usually from a sharp object. Can also result when a blunt force splits the skin
how to check Circulation
place your index and middle fingers into the groove of the neck next to the voice box to feel the carotid artery pulse
recovery position
a side-lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients without injuries who are breathing adequately
cardiac arrest
when the heart stops beating due to stroke, severe injuries, electrical shock, drug overdose, chest trauma, drowning or suffocation. Leads to unconsciousness, no pulse, no signs of circulation
open wound
wound that breaks the surface of the skin
avulsions
injury in which a portion of the skin and sometimes other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away
how to recognize an emergency
look for unusual noises, sights, odors, appearances and behaviors
example: screams, breaking glass, crashing metal
Rescue Breathing for Child/Infant (Age 1-12)
1. give 1 rescue breath (for about 1 second) every 3 seconds, pinch nose shut, make seal over child's mouth and nose (infant), blow in to make chest clearly rise
2. After 2 minutes, recheck signs of life and pulse for no more than 10 signs
3. If pulse, but no breathing, continue. If NO pulse, begin CPR/Administer AED
signs of circulation
consciousness, a pulse, pink nail beds, warm skin
If a person does not have these, they are in cardiac arrest
closed wound
wound that does not break the surface of the skin
puncture
when skin is pierced with a pointed object