CPR
What is a heart attack?
It occurs when blood flow to part of the
heart muscle is blocked
How do you give CPR to an infant?
1. Check to see if the infant is conscious by tapping the bottom of their feet. If they are unresponsive, call 911 and start CPR
2. Place the infant on a firm, flat surface
3. Put two fingers or both of your thumbs on the center of their chest
4. Perform 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths
5. Perform chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute
6. Tilt the head to a neutral position and perform 2 breaths
How do you give care to an infant choking?
1. Verify to see if the infant is choking by checking to see if they are crying or coughing forcefully
2. Position the infant by placing your forearm on the infant's back. Place your other forearm along the infant’s front, supporting the infant’s jaw with your thumb and fingers. Turn the infant over so that they are face-down along your forearm. Lower your arm onto your thigh so that the infant’s head is lower than his or her chest.
3. Give 5 back blows
4. Reposition the infant by placing one hand along the infant’s back, cradling the back of the infant’s head with your hand. While continuing to support the infant’s jaw with the thumb and fingers of your other hand, support the infant between your forearms and turn the infant over so that they are face-up along your forearm. Lower your arm onto your other thigh so that the infant’s head is lower than his or her chest.
5. Give 5 chest thrusts
6. Continue steps 2-5 until the infant can cough, cry, breathe, or becomes unresponsive
What is respiratory distress?
AKA difficulty breathing, is evidenced by signs and symptoms such as shortness of breath, gasping for breath, hyperventilation (breathing that is faster and shallower than normal), or breathing that is uncomfortable or painful. Respiratory distress can lead to respiratory arrest (absence of breathing).
What are the signs/symptoms of a asthma attack?
Wheezing or coughing, rapid, shallow breathing (or trouble breathing), sweating
What are the signs/symptoms of a heart attack?
The pain or discomfort is persistent, lasting longer than 3 to 5 minutes, or going away and then coming back.
How do you use an AED on an adult?
1. Turn on the AED and follow the voice instructions
2. Remove all clothing covering the chest area
3. Place the pads. One on the upper right side of the chest and the other on the lower side of the chest below the armpit. For an infant or small child, place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other pad on the back between the shoulder blades
4. Let the AED analyze the person and do not touch them
5. After the AED delivers the shock, perform CPR until the AED recharges
How do you give care to a person if they become unresponsive from choking on something?
If a person who is choking becomes unresponsive, carefully lower them to the ground and, if you are trained, begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. After each set of chest compressions and before attempting rescue breaths, open the person’s mouth and look for the object. If you see an object in the person’s mouth, remove it using your finger. Never put your finger in the person’s mouth unless you actually see the object. If you cannot see the object and you put your finger in the person’s mouth, you might accidentally push the object deeper into the person’s throat.
What are the causes of respiratory distress?
Acute flare-ups of chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); lung and respiratory tract infections (such as pneumonia or bronchitis); severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis); heart conditions (such as a heart attack or heart failure); trauma; poisoning; drug overdose; electrocution; and mental health conditions (such as panic disorder).
What are the signs/symptoms of an allergic reaction and anaphylaxis?
A person who is having a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction (called anaphylaxis) may develop one or more of the following signs and symptoms within seconds or minutes of coming into contact with the allergen:
Trouble breathing, swelling of the face, neck, tongue or lips, a feeling of tightness in the chest or throat, skin reactions (such as hives, itchiness or flushing)
What is CPR?
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a skill that is used when a person is in cardiac arrest to keep oxygenated blood moving to the brain and other vital organs until advanced medical help arrives CPR involves giving sets of 30 chest compressions followed by sets of 2 rescue breaths.
What are some of the things that can be choking hazards?
Food: nuts, seeds, hot dogs, popcorn, chunks of fruit
Household objects: coins, buttons, marbles, magnets
What is an acute illness?
An illness that strikes suddenly and usually only lasts for a short period of time.
How do you give care to a person with sudden illness?
1. Do no further harm.
2. Monitor the person’s breathing and level of consciousness.
3. Help the person rest in the most comfortable position.
4. Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated.
5. Reassure the person that you will help and that EMS personnel have been called (if appropriate).
How do you use an epi pen?
1. Check the label on the auto injector. If the medication is visible, check to make sure the medication is clear, not cloudy.
2. Determine whether the person has already given themselves a dose of the medication. If the person has, help them administer a second dose only if emergency responders are delayed and the person is still having signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis 5 to 10 minutes after administering the first dose.
3. Have the person locate the outer middle of one thigh to use as the injection site.
4. Grasp the auto injector firmly in one fist and pull off the safety cap with the other hand.
5. Have the person hold the tip of the auto injector (the end with the needle) against their outer thigh so that the auto injector is at a 90-degree angle to the thigh.
6. Have the person quickly and firmly push the tip straight into their outer thigh. You may hear a click. Have the person hold the auto injector firmly in place for the recommended amount of time.
7. Have the person remove the auto injector from his or her thigh. Massage the injection site for several seconds (or have the person massage the site).
8. Check the person’s condition and watch to see how he or she responds to the medication.
9. Place the used auto injector in its plastic carrying case or another hard plastic container with the tip facing down. Give it to the emergency responders when they arrive.
What does a AED do?
The shock disrupts the heart’s electrical activity long enough to allow the heart to spontaneously develop an effective rhythm on its own. Starting CPR immediately and using an AED as soon as possible gives the person the best chance for surviving cardiac arrest.
What are the signs/symptoms of choking?
A person who is choking typically has a panicked, confused or surprised facial expression. Some people may place one or both hands on their throat. The person may cough (either forcefully or weakly), or he or she may not be able to cough at all.
What is a chronic illness?
An illness that a person lives with on an ongoing basis and that often requires continuous treatment to manage.
What is asthma?
A chronic illness in which certain substances or conditions, called triggers, cause inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult.
What is a stroke and what are the signs/symptoms?
Occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted by a blood clot, resulting in the death of brain cells. A stroke can also be caused by bleeding into the brain tissue. Strokes can cause permanent brain damage.
Trouble with speech and language, including slurring of words, being unable to form words or being unable to understand what others are saying, drooling or difficulty swallowing, drooping of the features on one side of the face (for example, the eyelid and the corner of the mouth), trouble seeing in one or both eyes, weakness, paralysis or numbness of the face, arms or legs, especially on one side of the body
How do you give CPR to an adult or child?
1. Check to see if the person is conscious by tapping them on their shoulders. If unresponsive, call 911 and start CPR
2. Place the person on a firm, flat surface
3. Place both hands on top of each other and push at least 2 inches down on their chest
4. Give 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths
5. Perform chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 per minute
6. Tilt the head past neutral position, pinch the nose and perform 2 breaths
How do you care for an adult or child choking?
1. Verify that the person is choking by asking them to speak to you
2. Give 5 back blows
3. Give 5 abdominal thrusts
4. Continue performing steps 2-3 until the person can cough, speak, breathe, or becomes unresponsive
What are the signs/symptoms of sudden illness?
Trouble breathing, pain, such as chest pain, abdominal pain or a headache, changes in level of consciousness, such as being confused or unaware of one’s surroundings, or becoming unresponsive, light-headedness or dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or stomach cramps, or a fever.
What are asthma inhalers and nebulizers?
The most common way to take long-term control and quick-relief (rescue) medications is by inhaling them. Inhalation allows the medication to reach the airways faster and work quickly. There also are fewer side effects. Medications are inhaled using a metered dose inhaler (MDI), a dry powder inhaler (DPI) or a small-volume nebulizer.
How do you give care to someone having a stroke?
If you think that a person is having (or has had) a stroke, call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number immediately. Note when the signs and symptoms first started (or, if you do not know when the signs and symptoms started, note the last time the person was known to be well). This is important information to give to EMS personnel because some of the medications used to treat stroke are only effective within a certain time frame after the onset of signs and symptoms. Stay with the person and provide reassurance until help arrives. If the person is responsive but not fully awake, or if the person is drooling or having trouble swallowing, put the person in the recovery position and monitor the person’s condition until EMS personnel arrive.