Periodic Table
What is the term for the vertical columns on the periodic table?
Groups
What type of bond forms between a metal atom and a non-metal atom?
An ionic bond
What are the starting substances in a chemical reaction called?
Reactants
Name one factor that affects the rate of a chemical reaction.
Any of: temperature, concentration, surface area, agitation, catalyst
As you move down a group, what happens to atomic radius?
It increases
What is the name given to positively charged ions?
Cations
What law states that matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction?
The Law of Conservation of Mass
What theory explains that particles must collide with enough energy and the correct orientation in order to react?
Collision theory
Name the trend that describes an atom's ability to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
Electronegativity
In a Lewis structure, what do the dots represent?
The valence electrons of an atom that are not shared in the bond
What type of reaction occurs when two aqueous solutions are mixed and form an insoluble solid?
A precipitation reaction
Explain, using collision theory, why increasing temperature increases the rate of a reaction.
Particles move faster and have more kinetic energy, so they collide more frequently and more collisions have enough energy to exceed the activation energy.
Group 18 elements are known as the noble gases. Explain why they are so unreactive.
They have a full outer (valence) shell of electrons, so they have no tendency to gain, lose or share electrons.
Draw the Lewis structure for CH4
H
|
H - C - H
|
H
In the reaction Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2, identify which element is oxidised and explain why.
Zinc is oxidised, because it loses electrons to form Zn2+ ions.
What is a catalyst, and how does it affect the activation energy of a reaction?
A substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up itself. It provides an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.
Explain why sodium has a lower ionisation energy than chlorine, even though they are in the same period.
Sodium has a larger atomic radius and only one valence electron held loosely, while chlorine has a smaller radius and a stronger nuclear attraction on its valence electrons, so more energy is needed to remove one.
Draw a dot diagram for Al2O3.
Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane (C3H8).
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
A student ran an experiment where a chemical reaction involving gases took place inside an airtight chamber. The student wanted to increase the reaction rate – suggest how they should do this and explain why it would work using collision theory.
They should increase the pressure – this pushes molecules closer together, meaning particles would collide more often increasing the chance of successful collisions and increasing reaction rate.