Vocab 1
son of the Underworld gods Osiris and Nebthet in Egyptian myth, was originally the god of putrefaction.
Anubis
The principal goddess of ancient Egypt, sister and wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, she typified the faithful wife and devoted mother.
Isis
Ancient Egyptian god, the embodiment of goodness, who ruled the underworld after being killed by Set. The pharaohs were believed to be his incarnation.
Osiris
What two rivers surrounded the early Mesopotamian region?
Tigris and Euphrates
the dual role played by soldiers in ancient Egypt
The images represent the dual role played by soldiers by illustrating how they fought in times of war and oversaw building projects in times of peace
In ancient Egyptian mythology, the falcon-headed sky god whose eyes were the Sun and the Moon.
Horus
the primary female deity in the Babylonian empire and was known as the Queen of Heaven. In Sumerian, she was known as Inanna.
Ishtar/Inanna
The sky god and "father and ancestor of all the gods". He was also known as the "Fecund Bull" because the sky's fertility was the source of rain.
Anu
How does an empire compare to a city-state?
An empire encompasses multiple cultures with a singular government, whereas a city-state is a singular city.
What was the relationship between pharaohs and the gods?
Since pharaohs were considered to be part gods themselves, they served as middlemen between the gods and the mortal realm by serving as holy leaders
The solar god, who was also known as the god of justice and equity. He was said to have presented the Code of Hammurabi to the Babylonian king.
Shamash
The mother goddess of mountains, associated with the creation of humanity, fertility, pregnancy, and childbirth. She was also known by the names Ninmah, Nintu, Belet-Ili, Shassuru, and Damkina
Ninhursag
Home of the Greek gods, believed to be a mountain where the gods lived and watched over humanity.
Olympus
Why did all early civilizations, not only Mesopotamia, create societies with governments, trade, social classes, religion, and writing?
Early civilizations grew in size rapidly, and as a result, they needed a means to keep order in society, protect the people, record information about society, and unite the community.
What ability did scribes possess that ensured their high status in the social hierarchy?
Unlike most other people in ancient Egyptian society, scribes could read and write
Capital of the Roman Empire, known for its powerful army, engineering feats, and cultural absorption of Greek myths and religion.
Rome
Ancient city in modern-day Turkey, setting of the Trojan War, which was recounted in the Iliad.
Troy
Realm of the dead ruled by Hades (Greek) or Pluto (Roman), divided into sections like Elysium and Tartarus.
Underworld
Ancient Egypt’s six distinct social classes
Pharaoh, nobles and priests, government officials, soldiers and scribes, merchants and artisans, and peasants and slaves
Why did people in ancient societies associate their gods with different aspects of their daily life?
People in societies such as Mesopotamia and Egypt saw the gods as protectors of their crops and their survival; however, they also held the gods responsible for the destruction caused by the floods and the rebirth of the soil, resulting from the nutrients left behind by the floods.
Term referring to all gods of a religion collectively, or specifically, the temple in Rome dedicated to all Roman gods.
Pantheon
Roman counterpart to Zeus, king of the Roman gods and god of the sky and thunder.
Jupiter
Roman god of the underworld, equivalent to the Greek Hades, ruling over the dead and wealth beneath the earth.
Pluto
Explain the purpose of mummification and relate it to the Osiris myth
Disembodied, re-assembled in order to be resurrected... it happened to him, and it happens to you as well... book of the dead, weighing of the heart... canopic jars
Is Gilgamesh right—is fame a sort of immortality?
Great answer