Prenatal Care
The recommended first-line vitamin to prevent neural tube defects.
What is folic acid?
This hormone becomes detectable in serum ~8–10 days after conception, confirming pregnancy.
What is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?
The normal baseline fetal heart rate range.
What is 110–160 beats per minute?
This screening test detects cervical dysplasia and cancer precursors.
What is a Pap smear?
Painless third‑trimester bleeding suggests this placental condition.
What is placenta previa?
At 24–28 weeks, this test screens for a common metabolic condition of pregnancy.
What is the 1‑hour glucose challenge test?
By transvaginal ultrasound, fetal cardiac activity is typically first visible at this gestational age.
What is about 6 weeks?
These decelerations coincide with contractions and are usually benign.
What are early decelerations?
The triad of hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovaries suggests this condition.
What is PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome)?
Painful third‑trimester bleeding with uterine tenderness suggests this.
What is placental abruption?
This ultrasound measurement is the most accurate way to date a pregnancy in the 1st trimester.
What is crown‑rump length?
This detailed ultrasound between 18–22 weeks evaluates fetal organs and growth.
What is the second‑trimester anatomy scan?
These decelerations occur after contractions and suggest uteroplacental insufficiency.
What are late decelerations?
This common cause of secondary amenorrhea is always the first thing to rule out.
What is pregnancy?
Seizures in pregnancy with hypertension and proteinuria define this complication.
What is eclampsia?
This infectious disease is screened for in all pregnancies at the first visit and again in the third trimester in high-risk patients.
What is syphilis?
When the uterine fundus is at the level of the umbilicus, gestational age is approximately this.
What is ~20 weeks?
Marked beat-to-beat differences indicate this reassuring feature of fetal well-being.
What is moderate variability?
This condition causes tissue like the endometrium to grow outside the uterus, leading to dysmenorrhea and infertility.
What is endometriosis?
Sudden, severe unilateral pelvic pain with an adnexal mass and absent Doppler flow suggests this.
What is ovarian torsion?
At 36–37 weeks, this rectovaginal swab screens for a bacterium that can cause neonatal sepsis.
What is Group B Streptococcus (GBS)?
Routine screening for gestational diabetes is performed during this gestational age window.
What is 24–28 weeks?
A 15 bpm rise lasting 15 seconds in a ≥32‑week fetus is called this.
What is an acceleration?
This gynecologic cancer is most strongly associated with persistent high-risk HPV infection.
What is cervical cancer?
A postpartum uterus that is boggy with heavy bleeding most commonly indicates this etiology.
What is uterine atony?