Types of Punishment
Punishment is justified as a means to securing some valuable end - crime reduction, deterring, incapacitating, or reforming offenders.
Consequentialist Punishment
Punishment prevents future crime
Deterrence
Who won the Stanley Cup in 2004-2005
No one. Lockout season.
UK, feudal societies. Defensive systems to protect civilian populations. Multiple forms of organization. But often a reflection of community self-organization, not necessarily codified by large bureaucratic systems of rules and laws. Specific designated authorities with some responsibilities and powers.
Open-ended legal rules and procedures cannot guide police interventions
Limits of the Law
Punishment is an intrinsically appropriate response to criminal wrongdoing, because the offender just deserves it
Retributivist Punishment
Punishment sends a message to the community, including those who might consider committing this crime, that crime doesn't pay.
General Deterrence
Legislation to make prison conditions more austere; imposed lengthier incarceration periods; significantly ex- panded the scope of mandatory minimum penalties; and reduced opportunities for conditional release, parole, and alternatives to incarceration.
Tough on Crime
Emphasis on law and order, less on community legitimacy.
Dual contradicting character: militarized, but civilian entity.
Influenced establishment of NWMP
RIC - Royal Irish Constabulary
Created a demand condition that shaped policing
Monopoly for violence
Laws seek to maximize happiness/general welfare of the community; forward looking
Punishment deters this defendant from further crimes.
Specific/Individual Deterrence
Theory which is designed to promote equality and fairness of sentencing for the imposition of a sentence. The principle that the punishment should fit the crime.
Just Deserts Theory
Year the RNWMP and Dominion Police join to become the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)
1920
Unfeasible to provide guidance on how to intervene
Giveaway free point
Government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime
Capital Punishment
Defendant is unable to commit further violations
Incapacitation Deterrence
3 components of Consequentialist Punishment
1. deterrence
2. reform and rehabilitation
3. incapacitation
7 core characteristics of cop culture, according to who?
Mission-action-cynicism- pessimism
Suspicion
Isolation/solidarity
Police conservatism
Machismo
Racial prejudice
Pragmatism
Robert Reiner
Normally resolved by the courts in favour of the police and lodged in the notion of ‘best practices’
Problems with Police accountability
Difference between Utilitarianism and Consequentialism
Utilitarianism specifies good as desired outcome
Defendant is discouraged from further violations
Intimidation Deterrence
3 components of Retributivist punishment
1. back-ward looking
2. response to actions already undertaken
3. punishment for what has already occurred
An interaction between police officers and members of the public that is generally not related to a specific criminal investigation.
Carding/Street Checks
Lack of communication
Codes of silence