PROKARYOTE VS. EUKARYOTE
what is the one difference prokaryote have that eukaryotic don't ?
prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles
What are cell organelles?
specialized, membrane-bound structures (like tiny organs) within a cell that perform specific, vital functions, such as producing energy (mitochondria), storing information (nucleus), or making proteins (ribosomes), ensuring the cell's survival and efficient operation.
What is the main difference between passive transport and active transport?
active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient (from low to high concentration), while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient (from high to low concentration).
What is Osmosis?
the passive movement of a solvent (usually water) across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration), aiming to equalize the concentrations on both sides.
What is photosynthesis?
the vital process where plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food (sugars/glucose) for energy, releasing oxygen as a byproduct, a reaction powered by chlorophyll and occurring in chloroplasts.
what are 2 examples of prokaryotic and eukaryote?
Two examples of prokaryotes are Bacteria (like E. coli) and Archaea, while two examples of eukaryotes are Animals
Whats an example of cell organelles?
nucleus (control center), mitochondria (energy production), ribosomes (protein synthesis), endoplasmic reticulum (transport), Golgi apparatus (packaging), and lysosomes (waste breakdown).
Why is the cell membrane described as "selectively permeable" or "semi-permeable"?
because its phospholipid bilayer structure and embedded transport proteins carefully control which substances (like nutrients, ions, waste) can pass through, letting essential small molecules and specific ions in while blocking others, crucial for maintaining the cell's internal balance (homeostasis).
Why is it important in our daily life?
it regulates water balance in our cells and bodies, essential for nutrient absorption, waste removal (kidney function, sweating), maintaining cell shape, and overall homeostasis (stable internal environment) in humans and plants, preventing dehydration or swelling, and allowing plants to stay upright.
True or False Cell respiration is another name for photosynthesis
FALSE THERE COMPLETELY OPPOSITE !!!
what is one difference eukaryote have that prokaryotic don't?
The biggest difference is that eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles (like mitochondria, ER) to compartmentalize functions, while prokaryotic cells (bacteria, archaea) lack these internal membranes,
What is a key organelle functions and what's the importance of that function?
How is the structure of the phospholipid bilayer related to its function in controlling what enters and leaves the cell
its hydrophilic (water-loving) heads face outward, while the hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails form a water-repellent core, creating a selectively permeable barrier that blocks water-soluble substances but allows small, nonpolar molecules (like oxygen, lipids) to pass freely, while larger or charged molecules need help from transport proteins to cross.
Whats its main purpose?
to maintain water balance (homeostasis) in cells and organisms by moving water across semipermeable membranes
What is cellular respiration?
the vital metabolic process where living cells convert nutrients (like glucose) and oxygen into usable energy (ATP), releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts, essentially "burning" food for fuel to power all life functions.
What is the different DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryote?
The prokaryotic DNA is a Single, circular DNA in the cytoplasm (nucleoid region). While the Eukaryote DNA is Multiple, linear chromosomes inside the nucleus.
Why do they matter to our body?
What does it mean to move down a concentration gradient versus against a concentration gradient?
substances flow naturally from high to low concentration (like a ball rolling downhill), requiring no energy (passive transport), while moving against it means going from low to high concentration (uphill), which demands energy (ATP) and is called active transport.
Is it low to high concentration or high to low?
low solute concentration (high water concentration) to an area of high solute concentration (low water concentration)
what do u need for photosynthesis?
sunlight (energy), carbon dioxide (from the air), and water (from the soil), plus the green pigment chlorophyll to capture light, all working to create glucose (food) and oxygen.
Compare and contrast the DNA in eukaryotic cells with the DNA in prokaryotic cells
1. DNA in Eukaryotic cells are linear, DNA in prokaryotic cells are circular
2.DNA is associated with histone proteins in Eukaryotic cells , DNA not associated with histone proteins in prokaryotic cells
3. The DNA nucleotides in both are the same , and have phosphodiester bonds
4. Eukaryotic DNA contain introns, prokaryotic DNA does not
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) into vesicles for delivery to their final destinations inside or outside the cell,
How does the cell's ability to regulate transport across its membrane help it maintain homeostasis?
A cell's ability to regulate membrane transport maintains homeostasis by acting as a selective barrier, controlling the entry of nutrients and exit of wastes, and balancing internal conditions like ion and water concentration through passive (no energy) and active (uses energy/ATP) processes
Whats an example of Osmosis ?
a plant's roots absorbing water from the soil
salty water
making a slug shrivel by drawing water out or gargling salt water to soothe a sore throat by dehydrating bacteria.
when your fingers get wrinkle after a shower or bath (I think is one)
whats an example of cell respiration and photosynthesis?
a plant creating sugar (glucose) and oxygen from sunlight, water, and CO2 (photosynthesis), then using that sugar and oxygen to power itself and release CO2 and water (respiration),