Pre-Columbian Societies
Name one major Native American civilization in North America before European contact.
Mississippian
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee)
Pueblo
Algonquian-speaking peoples
This crop was the most lucrative export product of the colonies up to the American Revolution.
What is Sugar?
What were the main competing religions in North America in the 1600s?
Puritanism, Catholicism, Anglicanism
This was the most common job in colonial America.
What is farmer?
This Catholic European nation's colonial strategy focused on fur trading and alliances with Natives, leading to less settlement but widespread influence.
What is France?
What were two main ways Native Americans got food?
Hunting and gathering
In the northern part of North America (today's Canada), the difficulty of growing crops led to this product becoming most important trading good.
What is fur?
A group of English Protestants in the 1600s who wanted to "purify" the Church of England by removing practices they saw as too similar to Catholicism.
Who were the Puritans?
How did Native American family structures differ from those of the colonists?
Native American family structures often centered on extended families or clans, with kinship sometimes traced through the mother (matrilineal), and roles shared more communally. In contrast, colonial families were typically nuclear, patriarchal, and centered on the father as the head of the household.
This 17th-century doctrine claimed that a nation's power was measured by its wealth and trade, which required a closed imperial system.
What is mercantilism?
Name one type of settlement or community built by Native Americans.
Mound-building cities (e.g., Cahokia)
Pueblos (cliff dwellings or adobe villages) Longhouses (Iroquois)
Villages near rivers or coastlines
This cash crop was rejected by the colonists as native savagery -- before they started using it themselves.
What is tobacco?
Many settlers believed that these humanoid supernatural creature haunted the woods of the new world.
What are witches?
This type of laborer, who voluntarily contracted their work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the colonies, was a primary source of labor in the Chesapeake.
What is an indentured servant?
This European country was the main rival of England in North America, settling in areas like Florida and New Mexico.
What is Spain?
What was the encomienda system?
A labor system used by the Spanish in the Americas where colonists were granted the right to extract labor and tribute from Indigenous people in exchange for supposed protection and Christian instruction.
This term refers to the extremely deadly forced transatlantic journey of enslaved Africans from Africa to the Americas as a part of the triangular trade network.
What is the Middle Passage?
The first Puritans to make it across the Atlantic to the new world.
Who are the Pilgrims?
This term described the elite class of English colonists who tried to mimic the royalty of back in Great Britain.
What is a Genteel?
The English took over the colony of New Netherland from this European rival and renamed it New York.
Who are the Dutch?
What happened to the Timucua Natives of South Florida?
They were largely wiped out by disease introduced by Europeans (smallpox, measles).
Many were displaced or assimilated into other groups.
Their population drastically declined by the 18th century.
This system gave a large land grant in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later New York) to wealthy individuals to encourage colonization.
What is a patroonship?
Members of the Society of Jesus, a Catholic religious order used as missionaries in the New World and attempted to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
Who are the Jesuits?
This legal doctrine, practiced in the American colonies, gave a male head of household absolute authority over his wife, children, and any servants or enslaved people.
What is coverture?
This 1680 event, where Pueblo people drove Spanish settlers out of New Mexico for over a decade, was a major challenge to Spanish colonial power.
What is the Pueblo Revolt?