Ethics
When a research participant is fully informed of the purpose of the research and then signs that they agree to participate, they are providing this.
What is consent?
This paradigm focuses on objectivity and external truths that are ready to be discovered.
What is positivism?
A research question addresses these 4 W's.
What are the 'what, where, when, why' questions?
The process of ascribing meaning to our concepts specifically in the context of our own research question is called this.
What is conceptualization?
The existence of ______ determines whether a probability or non-probability sampling technique is possible.
If a research participant willing participates in your study, we can call the participation to be _____.
What is voluntary?
This is the most subjective of the paradigms relevant in criminology.
What is postmodernism?
The possibility that the research question can actually reasonably be studied is called this.
What is feasibility?
Coming up with the actual questions we would ask in a survey to measure a concept is called this.
What is operationalization?
This category of sampling strategies allows for representative samples.
What is probability sampling?
When we say that Indigenous peoples should own the data that they share in research, and that they should have control over how it is stored and reported on, we are promoting this.
What is Indigenous data sovereignty?
The approach that start with data collection/observation is called _____ and it typically employs methods that are _________ in nature.
What is inductive and qualitative.
An academic literature review can include academic/scholarly literature as well as ______ literature.
What is grey literature?
____ are the categories that our variables can take. For example if our variable is eye colour, the colour green would be this.
What are attributes?
The sampling technique most impacted by periodicity -or a pattern in the population - is this.
What is systematic random sampling?
When we know the identity of our participants but promise not to share it, we are ensuring _______; when we do not collect information about the identity of our participant, we are ensuring _______.
What are confidentiality and anonymity?
This paradigm is deeply focused on promoting social change.
What is the critical paradigm?
A good research question addresses ______ in the literature, or areas that have not yet been addressed.
What are gaps?
A variable that has labels as attributes with no rank order has this level of measurement.
What is nominal?
This sampling technique involves asking participants to refer others they may know who might be interested in participating.
What is snowball sampling?
When we focus on the capabilities and resources of individuals and communities in responding to challenges that they may be facing, we are promoting this perspective.
What is strength-based?
The Indigenous paradigm is relatively new in the literature on paradigms in criminology. It aligns well, though, to this other paradigm as it acknowledges power imbalances in society.
What is the critical paradigm?
An ______ describes each source individually while a ______ synthesizes themes across sources.
What are an annotated bibliography and a literature review?
This level of measurement allows for the most sophisticated analysis.
What is ratio?
Sampling error is impacted by the _____ of our sample.