Chapter #1
This crime typically receives a sentence of at least 1 year in prison.
Felony
Which of the following crimes is not a UCR Type I/Index crime?
Human Trafficking
Victimology is a subset of _____________.
Criminology
____________________________ are codified rules that are serious and contain sanctions.
Laws
Who is responsible for creating deterrence theory?
Cesare Beccaria
This crime measurement tool measures criminal victimizations in selected households each 6 months for 3 years.
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Your professor is a _________________.
Victimologist
Beccaria only believed in using the death penalty for THIS crime.
Treason
What is the annual cost of crime in the United States?
This tool replaced the UCR in January, 2021!
NIBRS
What is the shadow hypothesis?
The extent to which females fear rape and that enhances their fear of other crimes.
This model believes that laws are formulated as a result of a cohesive agreement from all members of society.
The Consensus Model
Explain the differences between Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Criminal Justice is the study of the criminal justice system, such as policing, courts, and corrections.
Criminology is the study of crime, specifically motivations to commit crime. Usually, academics are criminologists.
Who reports highest levels of offending on self reports?
Those already in prison
What is the difference between crime and deviance? Provide an example of each.
Crime is the violation of a written law.
Example: Armed robbery
Deviance is the violation of a social norm.
Example: Not saying "thank you"
Who is most likely to be a victim?
Younger people, males, and the impoverished.
*Males EXCEPT in the case of dating and domestic violence, rape, and sexual assault.
What is the difference between mala in se and mala prohibita crimes? Provide an example of each.
Mala in se: The behaviors are illegal because they are inherently wrong/evil.
Example: Murder
Mala prohibita: The behaviors are illegal because someone wrote laws against them.
Example: Jaywalking
What is the hierarchy rule? Which crime measurement tool utilized this rule?
The Hierarchy Rule was used by the UCR. Per the Hierarchy Rule, only the most serious incident would be reported even if multiple crimes occurred.
What are the three components of Routine Activities Theory and how do they contribute to crime?
Routine Activities Theory states that three components must converge in time and space in order for criminal victimization to occur. The following components must converge:
1) A motivated offender. The theory does NOT attempt to explain why someone is motivated to commit crime.
2) Suitable Target. This is the potential victim.
3) Lack of/Absence of Capable Guardianship. When police, security systems, dogs, etc., (a form of guardianship) are not present, crime is likely to occur.
Example: If someone sees Dr. P's beautiful dog, Della, and wants to kidnap her, they may be deterred by the home's security system.
What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony? Explain.
Misdemeanors are generally less serious and usually result in sentences that last less than one year. Thus, misdemeanors are usually punished by probation or time in jail.
However, felonies are more serious and the punishments are also more serious, such that they usually receive coincide with a sentence of one year or more. Felons are usually housed in prisons, not jails.